液化天然气罐车泄漏原因分析及事故后果模拟

Leakage Analysis and Accident Consequence Simulation of LNG Tanker

收集和整理了2006年1月至2016年6月间81起液化天然气罐车事故案例，并针对交通事故后经常发生泄漏事故进行了原因分析及后果分析。以广东省某高速公路上发生液化天然气罐车泄漏为例，运用ALOHA软件对泄漏后引发的喷射火、蒸气云爆炸、沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸3种事故后果进行模拟，定量得出事故危害范围，并利用GoogleEarth进行可视化。同时。模拟了不同风速条件下对3种事故后果危害距离的影响情况，结果表明：当风速处在1．5～2．5m／s时，风速的增大会使喷射火、蒸气云爆炸事故危害距离逐步增大：但风力的大小不会影响到沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸所形成的热辐射伤害区域。

To grasp the development trend of LNG tanker transport accidents and accident type, this ar- ticle collects and sorts 81 LNG tanker accident cases between 2006 and 2016.6; After traffic accident of- ten occur leakage accident, so this article analyzes the cause of the accident and accident consequences. In order to further clarify the impact of incidents that may arise, taking a highway occurred liquefied natu- ral gas tanker leakage in Guangdong as an example, using ALOHA software simulates the accident conse- quence of jet fire, vapor cloud explosion, boiling liq- uid expanding vapor explosion to determine affected area and use Google earth reflected it. Meanwhile, in order to explore the influence of wind speed to the hazard area, simulating the effect of the accident haz- ard distance under different wind speed conditions. The results show that： When the wind speed is at 1.5 - 2.5 m/s, the increase of wind speed can make jet fire and vapor cloud explosion hazard distance in- creasing; but the wind speed does not affect to boil- ing liquid expanding vapor explosion thermal radia- tion damage region.