解读与建构:以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革

Interpretation and Construction:The reform of Trail-centered Litigation System

以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革,源于司法实践中侦查中心主义和卷宗中心主义的盛行,从而导致审判地位式微和庭审程序虚化这一司法背景。其实质内涵包括"审判是刑事诉讼程序的中心""一审是整个审判体系的中心""庭审是整个审判程序的中心"。"以审判为中心"改革的理论依据表现在审判程序的控辩对抗结构、司法民主价值以及对被追诉人权利的保障。其改革进路包括:在证据制度方面,完善证人、鉴定人出庭作证制度,落实非法证据排除规则;在辩护制度方面,完善律师辩护制度,扩大法律援助的适用;在侦查和审查起诉制度方面,确立司法审查机制,改革提起公诉制度;在审判制度方面,优化庭前会议制度,保障审判人员依法独立办案。

The reform of trail-centered litigation system derives from the prevalence of investigation centralism and file centralism in judicial practice which leads to the decay of the trial status and virtualization of trial procedures. Its substantial connotation includes that ＂ trial is the center of criminal procedure＂, ＂the first instance is the center of the whole trial system＂ and ＂court trial is the center of the whole trial procedure＂. The theoretical basis for the reform of trial-centered litigation system lies in the accusation and defense construction of judicial procedure, the judicial democratic values, and the rights protection of the accused person. The reform ways include： improving the system for witnesses and identifier to testify in court, and implementing the exclusionary rule in the aspect of evidence system; perfecting the system of lawyer＇s defense and expanding the application of legal aid in the aspect of defense system; establishing the judicial review mechanism and reforming the public prosecution system in the aspect of investigation, review and prosecution system; optimizing the pretrial conference system and guaranteeing the judicial personnel to handle cases independently in the aspect of judicial system.