平邑甜茶幼苗与葱混作对苹果连作土壤环境的影响

Effects of Malus hupehensis Seedlings and Allium fistulosum Mixed Cropping on Replanted Soil Environment

盆栽条件下研究了葱(Allium fistulosum L.)与平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)混作对苹果连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生长和生理的影响。结果表明:与连作土对照相比,平邑甜茶与葱混作能促进幼苗株高、地径、鲜样质量、干样质量的增长(分别为对照的1.42倍、1.67倍、3.63倍和2.99倍);提高了平邑甜茶幼苗的根系呼吸速率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性(分别为对照的1.58倍、2.74倍、2.41倍和6.79倍);显著提高土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,均表现为混作>石灰氮>溴甲烷>连作土;同时混作土壤中细菌数量为连作对照的2.44倍,放线菌数量为连作土对照的1.79倍,而真菌数量较连作土对照减少了69.4%,土壤中细菌/真菌比值表现为溴甲烷>混作>石灰氮>连作土;提高了土壤真菌的丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数,降低了优势度指数;土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量明显减少。平邑甜茶幼苗与葱混作,可以减少连作土壤中真菌数量,提高细菌数量,减轻苹果的连作障碍。

Effects of Allium fistulosum L. and apple seedlings mixed cropping on the replant soil environment and growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings were studied under pot condition. Results showed that mixed cropping enhanced Malus hupeheusis Rehd. seedlings biomass. Plant height,ground diameter,fresh weight and dry weight were 1.42,1.67,3.63 and 2.99 times larger than the control group. The root respiration rate of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings was significantly improved. Activities of antioxidant enzymes,such as superoxide dismutase（SOD）,catalase（CAT）and peroxidase（POD）were 1.58,2.74,2.41 and 6.79 times higher than the control group. The activities of soil enzymes including urease,invertase,phosphatase and catalase were significantly improved. The activities of soil enzymes in mixed cropping were better than in lime nitrogen,and after that was methyl bromide and apple replant in order. Numbers of bacteria and actinomycete were 2.44 and 1.79 times more than the control group and numbers of fungi dropped by 69.4%. The ratio of bacteria to fungi in different soils was as follows：methyl bromide 〉 mixed cropping 〉 lime nitrogen 〉 replanted soil. A. fistulosum L. and apple seedlings mixed cropping significantly improved margalef index,Shannon’s index,pielou index and decreased simpson index. The number of Fusarium oxysporum was reduced significantly compared with the control group. In conclusion,A. fistulosum L. and apple seedlings mixed cropping decreased the number of fungi and increased that of bacteria,could reduce apple replant disease.