中国高技术产业创新空间分布及其影响因素——基于面板数据的空间计量分析

Spatial distribution and influencing factors of high-tech industry innovation in China:Based on spatial econometric analysis of panel data

本文基于2003-2012年省域面板数据,采用地统计方法分析中国高技术产业创新的空间分布,并运用空间计量模型对其影响因素进行探讨。研究发现:中国高技术产业创新存在明显的空间差异,其中东部地区的创新水平明显高于中部和西部地区;2003-2012年间,高技术产业创新整体空间差异表现出先扩大后缩小的趋势,空间分布呈现出先集聚后扩散的变化特征;相邻省域间的创新水平存在明显溢出现象,研发资金投入、研发人员投入、高校研发水平、企业规模和市场开放度均对高技术产业创新起到促进作用,且研发人员投入和市场开放度还能进一步促进相邻地区的创新发展,而企业规模则对相邻地区的创新存在负面影响。因此,加大对中西部地区研发资金和研发人员投入,重视高校在创新发展中的作用,破除区域壁垒促进技术流动以及加大市场开放度,都有利于提高整体创新水平和缩小创新空间差异。

Using panel data of Chinese provinces for the period 2003- 2012, this article investigates the spatial distribution of high- tech industry innovation by applying the global difference index and kernel density estimation, and analyzes its influencing factors with spatial econometric models. The results show that： There are striking regional disparities in high- tech industry innovation, and the innovation level in the eastern area is significantly higher than the central and western areas. During the period from 2003 to 2012, regional disparity of high- tech industry innovation showed a narrowing tendency after the initial expansion, and the spatial distribution of regional innovation showed a trend from agglomeration to spreading. A clear spillover of innovation between adjacent provinces is verified by this study. Research and development（R D） capital, R D personnel, university research, size of high-tech firms, and openness of the market are all positively related to high- tech industry innovation. R D personnel inputs and openness of the market can benefit neighboring regions as well, but the size of firm has a negative influence on regions with close geographic proximity. We propose that strengthening the inputs of R D capitals and R D personnel in western and central China,emphasizing the role that university plays in the development of innovation, breaking regional barriers for facilitating technology flow, and promoting the openness of the market are beneficial for increasing the overall innovation level and reducing regional differences.