济南市2011-2013年市售粮油食品黄曲霉毒素污染调查

Aflatoxin contamination investigation of vegetable oil and corn flour samples in Jinan, 2011-2013

目的了解2011-2013年济南市市售粮油食品中黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）、黄曲霉毒素B2（AFB2）、黄曲霉毒素G1（AFG1）和黄曲霉毒素G2（AFG2）的污染水平,为济南市开展居民膳食中黄曲霉毒素风险评估提供基础数据。方法在济南市10个区县的农贸市场、超市、粮油店及村镇油坊等随机采集市售植物油样品150份、玉米粉样品150份,充分混匀粉碎后经乙腈/水提取、离心,净化提取液后,三氟乙酸柱前衍生,超高效液相色谱测定。结果植物油中黄曲霉毒素的检出率为34.7%（52/150）,平均含量为5.60μg/kg,浓度范围为3.28～9.96μg/kg,均未超出国家限量标准,2011-2013年样品检出率分别为16.0%（8/50）、44.0%（22/50）和44.0%（22/50）,平均浓度分别为5.10μg/kg、6.32μg/kg和5.12μg/kg。玉米粉中黄曲霉毒素的检出率为52.0%（78/150）,平均含量为4.35μg/kg,浓度范围为3.26～8.54μg/kg,均未超出国家限量标准,2011-2013年样品检出率分别为52.0%（26/50）、64.0%（32/50）和40.0%（20/50）,平均浓度分别为4.50μg/kg、4.11μg/kg和4.54μg/kg。四种毒素中AFB1检出率和平均浓度最高,AFB2、AFG1和AFG2的检出率和平均浓度依次降低。来自村镇油坊的样品AFB1、AFB2检出率高于粮油店样品（AFB1P=0.0253;AFB2P=0.0000）,粮油店样品AFB2检出率高于超市样品（P=0.0115）。结论 2011-2013年济南市市售植物油和玉米粉均受黄曲霉毒素的不同程度污染,污染以AFB1和AFB2为主,其中AFB1检出率和平均浓度最高。

Objective To realize the contamination of aflatoxins（AFB1,AFB2,AFG1,AFG2）in vegetable oil and corn flour in Jinan from 2011 to 2013 and provide basic data for risk assessment in residents＇ dietary aflatoxins. Methods 150 vegetable oil samples and 150 corn flour samples were collected from Jinan in farmers markets, supermarkets, grain stores and rural Youfang. The samples were mix crushed and added to acetonitrile/water mixture. After centrifugal,the extract was transferred into a purifying column and pressed slowly. Then the purified liquid was derivatizated with trifluoroacetic acid（TFA）and detected by using UPLC. Results Aflatoxins had been detected out in 34.7%（52/150）vegetable oil, an average level of aflatoxins was 5.60μg/kg,with a range of 3.28～9.96μg/kg, no sample exceeded the national limits. The positive rates of samples from 2011-2013 were 16.0%（8/50）,44.0（22/50）and 44.0%（22/50）,respectively,with an average concentration of 5.10μg/kg,6.32μg/kg and 5.12μg/kg,respectively. Aflatoxins had been detected out in 52.0%（78/150）corn flour,an average level of aflatoxins was 4.35 μg/kg,with a range of 3.26～8.54μg/kg,no sample exceeded the national limits. The positive rates of samples from 2011-2013 were 52.0%（26/50）,64.0%（32/50）and 40.0%（20/50）,respectively,with an average concentration of 4.50μg/kg,4.11μg/kg and 4.54μg/kg,respectively. AFB1 was detected more frequently and with higher levels than the other three aflatoxins,the detection rate and the average concentration of AFB2,AFGland AFG2 were reduced successively. The detection rate of AFB1 and AFB2from oil mill towns was higher than in samples in grain store（AFB1P=0.0253;AFB2P=0.0000）, AFB2 detection rate of samples in grain store was higher than the supermarket samples（P =0.0115）. Conclusion Vegetable oil and corn flour were contaminated to varying degrees by aflatoxin in Jinan from 2011 to 2013. AFB1 is the prominent one among the four aflatoxins, simultaneous joint with AFB1 and AFB2based pollution situation.