外显与内隐刻板印象的分布式表征及其激活过程——基于认知神经科学视角的探索

The distributed semantic representation and activation processes of the implicit and explicit stereotypes: An examination based on the perspective of cognitive neuroscience

刻板印象是人们有关群体的行为特征与特质属性信念化的认识,它多以语义图式形式存储于长时记忆中。依据激活过程中意识参与程度的不同,刻板印象具有内隐和外显两种表现型。不同于双加工理论"自动激活+认知控制"的研究视角,本项目计划从内隐/外显记忆的多重记忆系统模型出发,试图检验内隐与外显刻板印象在表征机制和激活过程上的差异。现有的多重记忆系统模型虽能解释内隐和外显刻板印象在记忆存储与提取上的机制差别,但却无法阐释二者语义表征带有的心理理论特性以及二者的认知控制过程。有鉴于此,本项目拟吸收"镜像系统-心理化系统"模型和双加工理论各自在特质与信念加工以及刻板印象认知控制上的理论优势,深入探索内隐和外显刻板印象的分布式表征机制。借助ERP技术的时间过程优势和f MRI技术的脑区动态因果建模优势,研究结果将最终揭示刻板印象分布式语义表征的动态加工机制。

Stereotype refers to social beliefs about the characteristics, attributes, and behaviors of certain groups, which is usually represented as semantic schema in long-term memory. According to the different levels of involvement of consciousness in the process of semantic activation, stereotypes can be classified as implicit and explicit types. Instead of drawing on the conventional ＂automatic activation-controlled inhibition＂ research perspective of the Dual-process model, this study aimed to examine the differences in representation and the mechanism of activation between the implicit and explicit stereotypes based on the Multiple Memory Systems（MMS） Model. As a classical theory of memory, the MMS model could account for the differences of memory storage and retrieval process between the implicit and explicit stereotypes, but encounters difficulty in explaining their traits in semantic representation, as well as their controlinhibition processes. Given this research gap, the current study intended to take advantage of the respective strengths of Mirror-Mentalizing System Model and the Dual-process Model in explaining the processing of traits and beliefs and the control-inhibition of stereotypes. By using the EEG/ERPs method and the dynamic causal modeling of f MRI, this study would propose a model for the dynamic processing of distributed semantic activation of stereotypes.