中国西南地区农田生态系统碳源/汇时空差异研究

Temporal-spatial variation of carbon source-sink of farmland ecosystem in the Southwestern China

为了中国西南地区农业与环境协调发展,本研究根据2004-2013年相关农田生产投入以及主要农作物产量估算和分析了西南地区5个省市自治区农田生态系统碳排放和碳吸收。结果表明西南地区农田碳吸收总量、碳吸收强度明显高于碳排放总量、碳排放强度,但与2004年相比,2013年碳排放总量、碳排放强度的增幅分别是碳吸收总量、碳吸收强度增幅的2.4倍和7.7倍。西南地区农田碳排放总量和碳排放强度基本上逐年增加,而碳吸收总量和碳吸收强度总体呈增长趋势,波动较大。西南地区农田碳排放量最多的农田生产投入是化肥,碳吸收量最多的农作物是水稻。西南各省市自治区之间农田碳排放量、碳排放强度、碳吸收量、碳吸收强度都有明显的差异,2013年碳排放量和碳吸收量从高到低均是四川、云南、贵州、重庆和西藏,2013年碳排放强度和碳吸收强度从高到低均是西藏、云南、四川、重庆和贵州。

For coordinating the development of agriculture and environment in Southwestern China, based on the ag-ricultural production inputs and main crops yields from 2004 to 2013, the carbon emission and carbon absorption of the farmland ecosystems in the 5 Southwestern provinces, municipality and autonomous region were estimated and analyzed. Conclusions are reached as follows. The total amounts and intensity of carbon absorption of the farmland ecosystem were sig-nificantly higher than the total amounts and intensity of carbon emission in the Southwestern region. Compared to 2004, the growths of total amounts and intensity of carbon emission were respectively 2-4 times and 7-7 times the growths of total a-mounts and intensity of carbon absorption in 2013. The total amounts and intensity of carbon emission of the farmland eco-system substantially increased year by year, while the total amounts and intensity of carbon absorption showed over-all up-ward trend and large fluctuation. Chemical fertilizer emitted the largest amounts of carbon, and rice absorbed the greatest a-mounts of carbon. Significant temporal-spatial variation was observed in the amounts and intensity of carbon emission and absorption of the farmland eco-systems in the Southwestern provinces.The amounts of carbon emission and absorption in the region took the order of Sichuan〉Yunnan〉Guizhou〉Chongqing〉Tibet in 2013, and the intensity of carbon emission and absorp-tion followed the order of Tibet〉Yunnan〉Sichuan〉Chongqing〉Guizhou in 2013.