采前喷钙对金陵黄露桃钙吸收及细胞超微结构的影响

Calcium absorption and cell ultrastructure of Jinlinghuanglu peach in response to pre-harvest calcium solutions spraying

以鲜食黄肉桃品种金陵黄露为材料,在盛花后30 d(幼果期)、55 d(果实膨大期)、80 d(成熟前期),分3次对果实和叶片喷施不同形态的钙,研究了喷钙对叶片、果皮、果肉钙含量及果肉细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明,采前喷钙增加了金陵黄露桃叶片、果皮、果肉的钙含量,整个发育期以幼果期喷钙效果最为显著,0.015 mol/L螯合钙处理在3个测定时期(花后55 d、80 d、87 d)钙含量最高。此外,在果实贮藏25 d后,观察其果肉细胞超微结构,发现经喷钙处理的果肉细胞中钙主要分布于细胞壁、细胞膜、液泡膜,而且细胞结构较清晰完整,0.020 mol/L和0.015 mol/L螯合钙处理的清晰程度较好;而喷施清水对照的果肉细胞中仅发现少量的钙,其细胞壁扭曲变形、断裂,细胞分室作用消失,细胞结构异常,细胞膜系统的结构和功能受到损伤。可见,在桃生长发育过程中叶片和果实表面喷施不同浓度的钙溶液能增加果实钙含量,使细胞结构和功能得到有效保护,其中以0.015 mol/L螯合钙处理效果较为明显。

Influence of calcium spraying on calcium content in leaf, pericarp, flesh as well as flesh cell ultrastructure of Jinlinghuanglu peach was studied at 30 d （young fruit period）, 55 d （fruit expanding period） and 80 d （ fruit maturing period） after full blossom. Calcium spraying increased the calcium content in leaf, pericarp and flesh, espe-cially at young fruit period. The highest level of calcium content was observed in 0-015 mol/L chelated calcium treatment. Calcium was mainly distributed in cell wall, cell membrane and tonoplast of flesh after 25-d storage. What’ s more, calcium was accumulated in tonoplast and the cell structure was clear and intact in 0-020 mol/L and 0-015 mol/L chelated calcium treatments. Little calcium was found in control fruit flesh and the cell wall was distort, cell compartment disappeared and abnormal cell structure was observed. In addition, structure and function of cell membrane system were injured. It was concluded that calcium spraying on leaf and fruit could increase fruit calcium content and protect structure and function of cell. The most effective treatment was 0-015 mol/L chelated calcium.