藏西北羔羊死亡原因调查

Cause Investigation of the Death of Northwest Tibet Lambs

为明确近年来藏西北牧区寒冷季节羔羊死亡原因,连续3年先后深入该地区日土县、尼玛县和改则县进行实地调查,采集死亡羔羊病料样本进行病原分离鉴定和收集血清样本进行抗体检测,结果显示,以日土县、尼玛县和改则县3个县为代表的藏西北羔羊死亡率在30.00%左右,绵羊和山羊羔羊病死率为29.90%和30.57%,且1~2月龄羔羊病死率在30.00%以上;弱羔、发病羔羊、濒死羔羊（2~60日龄）血液样本筛查大肠埃希菌平均阳性率为25.42%,沙门菌平均阳性率为17.82%;现场剖检死亡或濒死羔羊大肠埃希菌平均阳性率为52.66%,沙门菌平均阳性率为28.02%,球虫虫卵阳性率11.59%。结果表明,引起藏西北羔羊死亡的原因较多,应采取综合防治措施,才能有效控制羔羊死亡的发生。

In order to assess the cause of death of lambs in northwest Tibet pastoral area in cold season,investigations were conducted for three consecutive years in this region.The tissue or blood samples and serum samples were collected from the diseased or dead lambs and were used to perform etiological agent isolation and antibody determination,respectively.The results showed that the mortality of northwest Tibet lambs in three representative counties Rutog,Nyima and Gaize was approximately30.00%,the fatality rate of sheep lambs and goat lambs were 29.90% and 30.57% respectively,and the fatality rate of one-to twomonth-old lambs were above 30.00%;for the weak,diseased and moribund lambs aged from two day to sixty days,the average positive rate of E.coli in blood test was 25.42% and that of Salmonella was 17.82%;for the dead and moribund lambs,the average positive rate of E.coli,Salmonella and coccidia egg in blood test was 52.66%,28.02% and 11.59%,respectively.The results of this study suggest that the etiological factors associated with the death of northwest Tibet lambs were complex,and the comprehensive prevention and treatment measures are expected to be taken to effectively control the death of lambs in this region.