基于非均等分区的无线传感器网络路由协议

Routing protocol based on unequal partition area for wireless sensor network

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)存在簇头节点分布不合理以及节点负载不均形成的"热点"问题,提出了一种基于非均等分区的非均匀分簇路由协议(UAUC)。UAUC通过非均等分区对网络进行划分,并在每个区域中根据能量因子、距离因子以及密集程度因子选择合适的簇头节点。此外,在簇头节点之间构造一棵负载均衡路径树,解决数据传输时存在的"热点"问题。仿真实验中,与低功耗自适应集簇分层(LEACH)协议,分布式能量有效非均匀成簇(DEBUC)协议以及基于非均匀分簇的无线传感器网络分层路由协议(HRPNC)相比,UAUC协议的簇头节点分布更加合理;UAUC在生存周期上较LEACH协议,DEBUC协议与HRPNC协议分别提高了88%,12%与17.5%;UAUC的节点平均剩余能量高于LEACH协议,DEBUC协议和HRPNC协议,并且节点剩余能量方差小于LEACH协议,DEBUC协议和HRPNC协议;UAUC协议在数据包接收量上较LEACH协议,DEBUC协议和HRPNC协议提高了400%,87.5%与25%。实验结果表明,UAUC能够有效地提高能量效率和数据包接收量,均衡能量消耗,延长网络的生存周期。

Responding to the problem of the unreasonable distribution of cluster head nodes and ＂hot spots＂ caused by uneven load energy in Wireless Sensor Network （WSN）, an Unequal partition Area Uneven Clustering routing protocol （UAUC） was proposed. The network was divided according to unequal partition area, and the appropriate cluster head nodes in each area were selected on the basis of the energy factor, the distance factor and the intensity factor. Meanwhile, a load balancing path tree was built between cluster head nodes to solve the problem of ＂hot spots＂ in data transmission. In the comparison experiments with LEACH （Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy） protocol, DEBUC （Distributed Energy- Balanced Unequal Clustering routing） protocol and HRPNC （ Hierarchical Routing Protocol based on Non-uniform Clustering） protocol, UAUC achieved more reasonable distribution of cluster head nodes. The network cycle of UAUC was increased than that of LEACH, DEBUC and HRPNC by 88%, 12% and 17.5% respectively. The average residual energy of UAUC was higher than LEACH, DEBUC and HRPNC. And the variance of node residual energy of UAUC was less than LEACH, DEBUC and HRPNC. What is more, the aggregate of data packet of UAUC was higher than that of LEACH, DEBUC and HRPNC by 400%, 87.5% and 17.5% respectively. The experimental results show that UAUC can effectively improve the energy efficiency and the aggregate of data packet, balance energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime.