先秦文化与《黄帝内经》的思维方式

Pre-Qin Culture and the Mindset in Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon(黄帝内经)

《黄帝内经》中思维方式的形成受到先秦文化思想的深刻影响,与当时文化背景下的思维方式是一脉相承的。《黄帝内经》的整体思维主要体现在其结合五行学说与天人合一思想,把五脏与四时联系起来,进而建立了"四时五脏阴阳"体系;辩证思维受到道家老子思想和儒家《易传》的影响很大,不论是阴阳的辩证范畴,还是动而不已的辩证命题,都可以在其中找到思想的源头;意象思维与《淮南子·俶真训》的观点相一致,并对此阐释得淋漓尽致;直觉思维的体悟"神"类似道家的体悟"道",故其应是受到道家直觉思维方式的影响,而"意"或"悟"的认识方式则与儒家有念的"专意心悟"有相似之处。

The formation of mindset in Yellow Emperor＇s Inner Canon（ 黄帝内经） is deeply influenced by Pre-Qin cultural thought. That mindset comes down in one continuous line with the mindset under the culture background at that time. The holistic thinking in Yellow Emperor＇s Inner Canon（ 黄帝内经） mainly embodies that it combines fivephase theory and harmony of man with nature thought. Five Zang viscera and four seasons are linked. Thus the ＂four seasons-five Zang viscera-Yin Yang＂system is established. The syndrome differentiation thought is greatly affected by Taoism Lao Tzu thought and Confucianism Yi Zhuan（ 易传）. Dialectical category of Yin and Yang or dynamic dialectical proposition could find the source of thought in Taoism and Confucianism. Image thinking is consistent with point of view in ＂Chuzhenxun＂in Huainanzi（ 淮南子·俶真训） and the interpretation is vivid. Understanding ＂spirit＂in intuitive thought is similar to understanding ＂Dao＂（ 道） in Taoism. Thus it is influenced by intuitive thought in Taoism. While the ways of understanding of ＂idea ＂ or ＂insight ＂ is similar to ＂dedicated to enlightenment ＂ in Confucianism.