天山托木尔峰国家级自然保护区生态系统服务价值评估

Evaluation on Ecosystem Service Value of Tianshan Tomur National Nature Reserve

利用天山托木尔峰自然保护区2014年8月的Landsat ETM+影像解译数据,采用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算公式,参照谢高地等提出的中国陆地生态系统服务价值当量,结合研究区各生态系统类型的生物量和生物多样性,制定研究区各生态系统类型的服务功能价值当量,计算与分析各生态系统的服务功能价值。结果表明:1托木尔峰自然保护区的生态地位是巨大的,生态服务总价值达52.31亿元/a。生态系统在单位面积服务功能中水文调节价值最高,占总价值的58.45%,其与研究区所占52%冰川面积有关系;食物生产服务价值较低,占0.95%,这与保护区以非生产性为主的经营方式有关系。2各生态系统在单位面积服务价值构成中,水体的服务价值最高,占总价值的58.73%;其次是寒温带和温带山地针叶林,占8.2%;温带草原化灌木荒漠服务价值最低,占1.45%,其与各生态系统类型服务功能价值当量有关系。3各生态系统类型服务价值对总价值的贡献率差异较大,贡献率最高的是冰川雪地,贡献率为50.14%,这主要由极大的冰川面积所致;其次是温带禾草和杂类草草甸,贡献率为16.87%,贡献率最低的是温带禾草和杂类草草甸草原,贡献率只有1.13%。

Based on Landsat ETM ＋ images of the Tianshan Tomur National Nature Reserve in August 2014, using Costanza ecosystem service value computational formula and the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service value proposed by Xie Gaodi, the paper, combined with the different ecosystem types of biomass and biodiversity of the study area, worked out equivalent weight of the service function value of the ecosystem types in the Tomur National Nature Protection Area, calculated and analyzed the service function value of per unit area of different ecosystem. Results show that： ① Ecological status of the Tomur National Nature Reserve was enormous, the total value of ecosystem services amounted to 5 231 million yuan/a. In the unit area ecosystem service function, hydrological regulation had the highest value, which was 58.45% ; this had a relationship with the glacier area which was up to 52% of the total study area. The value of food production service was the lowest, which was 1.41%, and it was related to the non productive operation mode in the study area. In the form of unit area service value of different ecosystem types, the service value of water was the highest, up to 58.45% of the total. The second was the cold temperate and temperate mountain coniferous forests, which was 8.2%. The lowest service value was temperate steppe desert, up to 1.45% of the total; it＇ s related to the service function value of different ecosystem types. The contribution rate of different ecosystem services value to total value was relatively different, the highest contribution rate came from glacier snow with the contribution rate of 50.14%, and this was mainly due to the great glacier area. The second was temperate grasses and forbs meadow, which was 16.87%, the temperate grasses and forbs meadow steppe had the lowest contributin rate, which was only 1.13%.