尼泊尔中部山区麦拉姆齐流域农户生计资本与生计策略关系研究

Relationship between Livelihood Capital and Livelihood Strategies of Rural Households in Melamchi Basin of Central Mountainous Area in Nepal

生计资本与生计策略关系的研究是理解和发展农村可持续生计最重要的途径。本文以尼泊尔中部山区麦拉姆齐流域为例,采用PRA法进行实地调研,定量分析了该流域农户的生计资本状况,生计资本对生计策略的影响及不同生计策略对生计资本因子的敏感性特征。研究表明:(1)农户生计资本指数低,各类资本差异明显,且资本的转化能力弱。物质资本得分最高,其次为人力资本、社会资本、金融资本,自然资本最低。(2)以非农为主型生计策略农户的资本总指数最高,生计策略也相对最优;非农型资本总指数次之,但生计风险相对较高;农为主型资本总指数低于前二者,但生计脆弱性相对较低;纯农型资本总指数最低,生计策略组合单一,生计风险相对最高。(3)生计资本及其组合差异是影响农户生计策略选择的重要原因,改善生计资本的配置能够推动农户生计策略的调整和优化。不同生计策略对资本因子的敏感性亦有所差异,提高人力资本和金融资本的投入,对于尼泊尔山区农户积极参与和发展非农生计活动,合理调整和优化生计策略,减小生计风险具有重要意义。

The study on relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood strategy is the most important way to understand and develop sustainable livelihoods in rural areas. However, very little is known about the influence of livelihood capitals on the livelihood strategies in Nepal. Therefore, by taking a mountainous settlement in Melamchi Basin of central Nepal as case study, this paper analyzes the sensitivity of livelihood strategies to livelihood capital factors in the rural household by the PRA method. The results indicate a very low livelihood capital index for all the sampled households with the highest physical capital index followed by human capital, social capital, financial capital, and the natural capital. And all kinds of livelihood capital are highly imbalance with very weak conversion ability. The results also show that the non-farming-dependent household＇ s livelihood capital index is the highest, and its livelihood strategy is also best. The non-agricultural and agricultural-dependent households＇ livelihood capital indexes are the second and third highest while pure-agricultural households＇ livelihood capital index is the lowest whose livelihood depends only on the single source with high livelihood risk. Further the study finds the different level of livelihood capital endowments and their combination affect the choice of households＇ livelihood strategies. Improving the allocation of livelihood capital can promote the adjustment and optimization of livelihood of rural households. Different livelihood strategies have different sensitivity to the capital factors, more specifically, increasing the investment of human capital and financial capital is of great significance for households to actively participate in and develop non-agricultural activities, adjust and optimize the livelihood strategies, and reduce livelihood risk.