多介质耦合环境下的遗址文物原位保护

In-Situ Relics Preservation under Multi-Media Coupling Environment in Archaeology Museums

根据遗址博物馆对文物保存环境调控的特殊需求,提出了一种控制土壤文物空气多介质耦合环境内变量的梯度、实现出土文物原位环境重建的保护策略;进一步搭建了遗址博物馆实验葬坑,采用毛细管辐射系统对文物保存区原位环境进行了调控实验。研究表明:毛细管辐射调控系统可以实现文物保存环境的稳定,相比辐射调控系统关闭工况,环境温度昼夜波动值从3.6℃减小到1.6℃,文物土壤空气间的温差从2.1℃减小到0.3℃,文物本体不同部位的温差从3.8℃减小至0.8℃,同时文物保存区的风速控制在0.06m/s以下,远低于文物保存标准规定的上限值0.15m/s;毛细管辐射调控系统可以有效地抑制文物保存环境之间的物质与能量迁移,实现遗址文物原位保存环境的平衡保护。

To satisfy the requirement for environmental control of relics preservation in archaeology museums a preservation strategy for reintegrating primitive environment is proposed, in which some environmental parameters are strictly restricted in the soil-air coupled environment. In order to verify this technique, a laboratory room with a funerary pit was constructed to simulate a large open exhibition hall of archaeology museums, and a capillary radiant system was built to perform the environmental control for relics preservation. The field test showed that the capillary radiant system provided a more stable condition for the unearthed relics in the funerary pit. Experimental results proved that the temperature fluctuation of preservation area was reduced from 3.6 to 1.6 ℃, the average temperature difference of soil-air coupled environment decreased from 2.1 to 0.3 ℃, and the average temperature difference across the relic decreased from 3.8 to 0.8 ℃. Meanwhile, the air velocity in the preservation was controlled within 0.06 m/s, which is well below the upper limit value of 0. 15 m/s prescribed for museums. The proposed preservation method is effective in mitigating heat and mass transfer and creating a more balanced environment for relics preservation.