4个栽培扁桃品种和野生扁桃的形态学差异及花粉萌芽率分析

Morphological Differences and Pollen Germination Rate Analysis of Four Cultivated Almonds and Wild Almond

为探明中国栽培扁桃鹰咀、纸皮,美国引进扁桃Nonpareil、Mission及野生扁桃的形态学差异和花粉萌芽率。本实验在大蕾期剪取4个栽培扁桃品种和野生扁桃的带花蕾枝条,带回实验室后水培在14-20℃光照培养箱中,观察其形态学差异,并采摘开花初期的花药进行花粉量、花粉萌芽率测定。结果发现水培条件下开花能力强弱顺序是鹰咀〉野生扁桃〉Nonpareil〉Mission〉纸皮,单花药花粉量和单花花粉量的排列顺序都是纸皮〉鹰咀〉Nonpareil〉Mission〉野生扁桃,表现出中国品种〉美国品种〉野生扁桃;花粉萌芽率排列顺序是纸皮〉Nonpareil〉Mission〉鹰咀〉野生扁桃,花期低温会显著降低成熟花粉粒的萌芽率。

The research objective is to explore the morphological differences and the pollen germination rates of Yingztd and Zhipi cultivated in China, Nonpareil and Mission introduced from America and wild almond. In this experiment, branches with buds of four cultivated al- mends and wild almond were cut off and cultured in light incubator of 14 -20 ℃ with the method of hydroponics to observe their biological characteristics, and anthers of four cultivated almonds and wild almond had also been picked off during the early flowering period to determi- nate their pollen quantity and pollen germination rate. The result showed that： under the condition of hydroponics, the flowering ability of four cultivated almonds and wild almond displayed the order of, Yingzui 〉 wild almond 〉 Nonpareil 〉 Mission 〉 Zhipi. Both the quantity of pollen per anther and pollen per bud exhibited as Zhipi 〉 Yingzui 〉 Nonpareil 〉 Mission 〉 wild almond, namely Chinese euhivars 〉 American cultivars 〉 wild almond. The pollen germination rates presented as Zhipi 〉 Nonpareil 〉 Mission 〉 Yingzui 〉 wild almond. And low temperature in the flowering period would significantly reduce the germination rate of mature pollen grains.