新疆核桃品种‘新新2’和‘温185’开花授粉特性研究

The Research on Flowering and Pollination Characteristics of Xinxin2 and Wen185 Walnut Varieties in Xinjiang

【目的】摸清新疆两个主栽核桃品种开花授粉生物学特性,为授粉树品种配置提供理论依据。【方法】采用观察法、重力载玻片法、离心法及控制授粉等手段研究核桃的散粉、柱头可授性等规律。【结果】‘新新2’和‘温185’两品种雌雄花期较为互补,花序花粉量达到876.7-888.0万粒,散粉时的最佳温度为20-23℃,散粉可持续10 d左右;雌花在开放的1-4 d内坐果率最高,有效可授期为6-7 d;两品种异花授粉坐果率达96.7-98.0%,通过人工授粉坐果率可提高8.8-10.7%。【结论】‘新新2’和‘温185’两核桃品种互为授粉树效果较好。

[ Objective ] In order to learn the biological characteristics about flowering and pollination of two main cultivated walnut va- rieties in Xinjiang, to provide a theoretical basis for arranging tree varieties pollination. [ Method] Studies on the powdered and receptive period of female flowers stigma low by observation and Gravity slides law and centrifugation and controlling pollination etc. [ Result] The inflorescence pollen amount of Xinxin2 and Wen185 reach 8 767 000to 8 880 000 grain, the optimal powdered temperature was 20 to 23 ℃, could lasted for around 10 days. The fruit setting rate was the highest when the female flower bloomed from ld to 4 d, and the effective receptive period was 6 d to 7 d. In different flower pollination, the fruit set rate of two varieties reached the maximum of 96. 7 -98. 0 percent, and the Fruit set rate could improve 8. 8- 10. 7 percent through artificial pollination. [ Conclusion] This effect of Xinxin2 and Wen185 walnut varieties is very good when mutual pollination tree.