广西崇左泊岳山巨猿洞早更新世的鼠科化石

The early Pleistocene murid rodents from Juyuan cave of Boyue mountain, Chongzuo, Guangxi of southern China

最近在广西崇左泊岳山巨猿洞采集到大量步氏巨猿、猩猩、长臂猿等高等灵长类及伴生的属种丰富的哺乳动物化石。本文系统记述了该化石点小哺乳动物群中的优势群体——鼠科化石:似锡金小鼠(Mus cf.M.pahari)、似大林姬鼠(Apodemus cf.A.peninsulae)、细狨鼠(Hapalomys gracilis)、狭齿狨鼠(Hapalomys angustidens)、先社鼠(Niviventer preconfucianus)、安氏白腹鼠(Niviventer andersoni)、拟爱氏巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsioides)和似始家鼠(Rattus cf.R.pristinus)共6属8种,其中包括了5个绝灭种。研究表明,泊岳山巨猿洞鼠类主要属种的形态特征显然要比同地区的三合大洞显得原始,而较相似于重庆巫山龙骨坡的相关鼠类,因此推测其时代为早更新世早期,这与古地磁的测年结果(距今约180万年)相吻合。泊岳山巨猿洞的鼠类大部分均为东洋界成员以及树栖、半树栖及林地生活的种类,反映当时的自然景观为热带-亚热带的森林-林灌环境。泊岳山巨猿洞鼠科化石的研究丰富了我国南方早更新世巨猿-中华乳齿象动物群中小哺乳动物化石的记录,这对于探讨我国南方第四纪生物地层的划分将提供重要的信息。

Recently, the large-primate fossil teeth collected from Juyuan Cave of BoyueMountain, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China, have been identified as Gigantopithecus blacki. The systematic excavations in Juyuan Cave have unearthed a plethora of higher primate remains, including G. blacki, Pongo weidenreichi and Nomascus sp., as well as other abundant mammalian fossils. The Juyuan fauna, consisting of 45 mammalian species （such as Sinomastodon yangziensis, Ailuropoda wulingshanensis, Stegodon huananensis, and Rhinoceros fusuiensis）, is a typical early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus-Sinomastodon fauna of southern China. This paper describes the murid rodents from this cave. There are 6 genera and 8 species, of which 5 species are extinct： Mus cf. M. pahari, Apodemus cf. A. peninsulae, Hapalomys gracilis, Hapalomys angustidens, Niviventer preconfucianus, Niviventer andersoni, Leopoldamys edwardsioides, and Rattus cf. R. pristinus. The morphological comparisons indicate that the murid species from Juyuan Cave are more primitive than those from Sanhe Cave of the middle Early Pleistocene within the same area, but resemble those from Longgupo site, Wushan, Chongqing of the early Early Pleistocene, implying their contemporaneity. Paleomagnetic dating of the fossil-bearing strata in Juyuan Cave gives an age of approximately 1.8 Ma BE The murids assemblage from Juyuan Cave is mostly made up of arboreal or semi-arboreal species within the Oriental realm preferring the forest or grassland environment. Consequently, the paleoecological setting at Juyuan Cave can be reconstructed as tropical-subtropical forest and shrub. The study on murid remains from Juyuan Cave of Boyue Mountain, Guangxi greatly enriches the micro- mammalian record of the early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus-Sinomastodon fauna of southern China. This new data provide important evidence to understand the division of Quaternary biostratigraphy in southern China.