关于曹姓家族分子人类学研究的几个问题

Discussions on molecular anthropology studies related to Cao clans

近年来,复旦大学现代人类学实验室围绕曹姓家族开展了一系列DNA研究,认为曹操的Y染色体应该属于O2-M268单倍型,并提出通过DNA的分析可以判断西高穴2号墓的墓主人身份。本文考察了O2-M268单倍型在东亚人群中的分布,发现它并非曹操或曹氏家族所独有。有关曹操的Y染色体可能是O2-M268单倍型的结论对于进一步确认西高穴2号墓的属性意义有限。本文还对所谓"曹鼎牙齿"DNA研究所依据的材料和论证过程进行了讨论,认为有关研究在很多方面脱离历史学和考古学背景,其研究的正当性及结论的可靠性都很难让人信服。目前看来,DNA方法并不能从根本上解决曹操墓的真伪之争。

For the past few years, the Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University has carried out a series of DNA studies on the Cao clan. According to these studies, Emperor Cao Cao was a carrier of Y chromosome haplotype O2-M268, thus the identity of the man buried in the Xigaoxue No.2 tomb could be clarified via DNA analysis. The current paper investigates the distribution of O2-M268 in the Chinese population, and results suggest that this haplotype is not an exclusive haplotype to the Cao clan, thus it only has limited significance in further determining the identity of the occupant in the Xigaoxue No.2 tomb. The paper also discusses the context of material remains associated with the so-called Cao Ding＇s tooth and the reasoning process of the DNA study about it. Analyses show that the DNA study departed from historical and archaeological background in many aspects so that the validity of the researchand the reliability of its conclusions are questionable. For the moment, DNA method seems ineffective in resolving the controversial issues related to Cao Cao＇s tomb.