“边缘人”:被放逐的局外人——《小底层》与《底层》的互文性解读

“The Marginal People”: The Banished Outsiders—— The Intertextual Interpretation of the Plays The Lower Depths and On the Very Bottom

高尔基在话剧《底层》中塑造了一系列流浪者形象,揭露了残酷的社会现实和"底层人"不堪重负的生活状况。百年后的又一个世纪之交,当代俄罗斯剧作家伊·丹·施普里茨在以高尔基的《底层》为蓝本创作的剧本《小底层》中塑造了当下俄罗斯社会"边缘人"的群像。本文尝试从互文性视角解读《底层》与《小底层》人物在生存境遇、精神世界、人格特质、价值观念方面的趋同与偏差,探析当代俄罗斯剧作家对高尔基传统表现出的既继承又更新的复杂态度。

In his play The Lower Depths （ ＂Na dne＂ ） Corky portrays a series of vagrant characters, revealing the cruel social reality and the unbearable life burden of the ＂people at the bottom of society＂ . After a hundred years, at the turn of the new century, the contemporary Russian playwright I. Shpritz in his play On the. Very Bottom （ ＂Na donyshke＂ , based on Corky＇ s play ＂The Lower Depths＂ ） portrays the group image of ＂the marginal people＂ in the present-day Russian society. This article attempts to interpret the convergence and the divergence of the plays ＂Na dne＂ and ＂Na donyshke＂ from the the perspective of intertextuality in such aspects as living circumstances of the characters, their personality traits, their spiritual world, values and ideas. In addition to that, the article provides the analysis of the complex attitudes of contemporary Russian playwrights to Corky＇ s drama tradition, which is found to he both inheritable and renewable.