高尔基自传体三部曲中的异化主题

The Theme of Alienation in Gorky's Autobiographical Trilogy

高尔基是俄罗斯著名作家,曾被普遍认为是苏联时期社会主义现实主义文学代表。在19世纪末20世纪初俄国社会动荡及意识巨变的白银时代,高尔基深受现代主义文学的影响,在反映外部现实世界的同时,也深入探索个体的意识领域及人的内心世界。在西方资本主义文明与俄罗斯社会文化相互碰撞的深刻历史背景下,作家借助系列文学创作提出了人的异化,即人的非人化及主体性丧失等问题。本文通过对高尔基自传体三部曲中施虐狂和受虐狂、崇生和趋死、上帝和人、男人和女人等对立形象的分析,阐释其对人性的深刻洞察和对宗教异化现象的批判思想,以求进一步认识作家创作的深广内涵。

Gorky is a famous Russian writer, He is widely recognized as the representative of socialist realist literature in the soviet era. In the Silver Age of the turn of the century, when social unrest and upheaval of awarefless occurred in Russia, Gorky was greatly influenced by the modernist literature. While reflecting the outside world, he also further explored the field of individual consciousness and human inner world. ]n his series of literary creations, he put forward the issue of alienation in the background of the collision between western capitalist civilization and Russia social culture. That is the dehumanization and deletion of subjectivity of people. Through analysis of the dichotomous images such as sadism and masochism, worship of life and tendency to death, God and human beings, man and woman, etc. in Gorky＇ s autobiographical trilogy, this paper interprets his deep understanding of human nature and critical thinking of religious alienation so as to further the profound implications of his literary creations.