188例中老年慢性牙周炎患者牙槽骨吸收情况及危险因素分析

Analysis of alveolar bone loss and risked factors in 188 patients with chronic periodontitis

目的:探讨牙槽骨吸收的危险因素。方法:选择188名35-75岁确诊为慢性牙周炎的患者为研究对象,对其进行口腔检查、问卷调查及X线曲面断层片的检查。应用计算机定点测量釉牙骨质界到牙槽嵴顶的距离,此距离>3 mm,牙槽嵴顶骨硬板不清晰或消失为牙槽骨丧失。采用SPSS19.0软件对数据进行t检验、方差分析等统计学方法分析牙槽骨丧失的相关危险因素。结果:188例患者,9384个位点中7881个位点有牙槽骨吸收,轻度牙槽骨吸收位点数占51.38%(4049/7881),中度牙槽骨吸收位点数占33.00%(2601/7881),重度牙槽骨吸收位点数占15.62%(1231/7881)。男女性别中度牙槽骨吸收位点数差异有统计学意义,轻、重度差异无统计学意义;BMI与学历各组重度牙槽骨吸收位点数差异有统计学意义,轻、中度差异无统计学意义;年龄各组轻、中、重度牙槽骨吸收位点数差异均有统计学意义。结论:肥胖、受教育程度低可能是牙槽骨吸收的危险因素,年龄是影响牙槽骨吸收的重要因素。

Objective： To investigate the alveolar bone loss status and the risked factors in 188 patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods： A total of 188 untreated chronic periodontal patients were included. The patients with 35-75 years age received the questionnaire and oral pantomography examination. Each radiograph was digitized by computer scanning and measured using an image analysis software program. The marginal bone loss was measure from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest,parallel to the root surface,and separately at the mesial and distal tooth surface by a single examiner. The alveolar bone loss was assessed on a full set of pantomography. The number of teeth with bone loss was scored in three categories for each patient. SPSS19. 0 statistic software was used to analyze the data. Results： A total of 9384 sites of 188 patients were enrolled into analysis,including 4049 sites of mild alveolar bone loss,2601 sites of moderate alveolar bone loss,1231 sites of severe alveolar bone loss. The number of sites with mild bone loss and severe bone loss was not significantly different between male and female group. The number of sites with severe bone loss was significantly different among different BMI groups and different educational background groups. There were significant different in the alveolar bone loss level in different age groups. Conclusion： The results suggested that obesity and lower education levels might be an important risk factor for alveolar bone loss in chronic patients. Age are risk factors for alveolar bone loss in chronic patients.