打造共同安全的“命运共同体”:分析方法与建设路径探索

Community of Shared Future:An Exploration of the Analytical Method and Building Approach

"命运共同体"是中国外交的指导方针和战略目的,具有正义性、和平性、包容性、综合性和科学性。它反映了一个崛起的中国如何处理与外界关系的思想理念。"命运共同体"建设首先需要中国运用物质力量来推动,但它拒绝简单地被"国强必霸"的传统思维来分析和理解。运用西方既有主流理论范式来理解和分析"命运共同体"有其局限。中国外交需要中国思维和视角。过程建构主义是主流范式之外的中国理论创新,它可以赋予中国外交政策及"命运共同体"以新的解释。但过程建构主义仍是单一范式研究,而由于"命运共同体"是一个复杂、具体的问题导向研究,因此,借用分析折中主义,并纳入过程建构主义来分析和考察"命运共同体",可以发现,"命运共同体"既是一个经济、政治和安全秩序,也是一个观念秩序;利益共同体是它的基础,安全共同体是它的保障,共有知识的建构是其最高标准。共同安全是"命运共同体"的重要保障和战略目标,即它展示的和平发展战略凸显了中国尊重他者的合理安全诉求;合作共赢原则反映了在相互依赖程度不断深化的国际格局中合作安全的重要性;伙伴关系战略则展示了中国探索和实践"同盟安全"之外的新安全观的外交努力。

Community of Shared Future is the guiding principle and strategic aim of China's diplomacy,possessing the characteristics of being righteous,peaceful,inclusive,integrative and scientific.It reflects the thought of how the rising China handles the relationship with the outside world.Although building the Community of Shared Future needs to employ China's material resources,it is wrong to come to the conclusion that China has the intention of becoming a hegemon.Using the Western mainstream theories and paradigms to understand and analyze the Community of Shared Future has definitely its own limitations.Therefore,innovative thinking and paradigms are urgently needed.Processual constructivism is a Chinese theoretical innovation which endows the study of China's foreign policy and the Community of Shared Future with new elaborations.But as a single paradigm,Processual Constructivism cannot fully explain the building of the Community of Shared Future.So,in this paper,analytic eclecticism which incorporates processual constructivism is employed.The Community of Shared Future aims not only to institute a new type of economic,political and security order but also to promote the concept of common interests.It is the common interests that provide a foundation for the Community of Shared Future,with common security as its safeguard and shared knowledge as its highest standard.Forging a partnership strategy is the basic means of building the Community of Shared Future.Given that the building of it is a long and arduous cause,the process and outcome are strategically meaningful.