小麦高产群体茎蘖特征及产量构成因素分析

Analysis about the Population Stem Tiller Traits of High-yielding Wheat and Its Yield Components

为探明小麦品种‘扬麦11’在崇明东滩盐碱地栽培的高产群体茎蘖特征和产量结构,收集整理了2012~2014年的试验资料,分析不同产量类型的群体建成茎蘖特征和产量构成因素。结果表明,崇明盐碱地区‘扬麦11’小麦高产(≥6000 kg/hm^2)群体适宜基本苗和最高茎蘖数为预期有效穗数的0.40~0.46倍和2.4~2.7倍为宜,小麦群体成穗率40%以上;不同产量类型的产量构成因素对产量的贡献大小依次为:有效穗数>实粒数>结实率>千粒重。高产小麦群体应在稳定适宜穗数基础上,提高结实率,以争取粒数为主攻目标。对不同产量类型中产量与产量构成因素进行统计分析,明确了产量与产量构成因素间的相关性存在明显的差异,这对获得不同产量类型目标的产量构成因素调控具有重要指导意义。

To explore the high yield population stem tiller traits and yield structure of wheat variety 4 Yangmai 11 ’,the filed experimental data were collected from saline - alkali land of Chongming Dongtan during 2012 to 2014,and analyzed the high - yielding population stem tiller traits and yield components. Results showed that the suitable number of basic seedlings and maximum stem tillers of wheat yield of 4 Yangmai 11 , variety population （≥ 6000 kg/hm^2） were 0. 40 - 0. 46 times and 2. 4 - 2.1 times for the expected effective p an ic le s ,an d the effective panicles rate of wheat group were more than 40%. The contribution of yield component factors to yield in different yield types are in the proper order： effective panicle number 〉 filled grain number per spike 〉 setting rate 〉 1000 - grain weight. For the high - yielding wheat population ,on the basis of stable suitable panicles, the main targets are improving the seed setting rate and increasing the grain number. Statistical analysis showed clearly that there were obvious differences for the relationship of yield and yield components in different yield types,which has important guiding significance for regulating the yield components in different target yield types.