我国海洋油污污染刑事追究之困境

The Dilemma of Criminal Investigation about Marine Oil Pollution in China

我国法律对海洋油污污染规制主要是采取民事赔偿和行政处罚措施,但依然无法防止此类行为的发生。尽管《刑法》有设置环境污染犯罪,但其主要是以规制陆源污染为立法宗旨的,再加上现有的刑事司法与行政执法分属两个不同的体系,相关法律法规也没有明确规定两个体系之间应该如何衔接,导致海洋油污污染的行为很难直接纳入海洋油污污染犯罪。我们应借鉴国际上的经验,建立刑事责任追究机制;整合现有的海上行政执法力量,由海警局统一行使刑事管辖权;授予海事法院刑事管辖权,直接受理海洋油污污染的案件;完善现有的污染环境罪。

The prevention of marine oil pollution in our country mainly depends on the civil compensation andthe administrative punishment, but with little effect. As for the crime of polluting the environment in Criminal law,it only accepts the land-based pollution; and due to the different legal systems to which the present criminal justiceand administrative law enforcement belong respectively, it is difficult for the behavior of the marine oil pollution tobe directly accepted as the crime of marine oil pollution when there is no clear connection between the above two legalsystems. Therefore, we should draw lessons from international experience to establish the tracking mechanism ofcriminal responsibility, integrate the existing maritime administrative law enforcement force in order to grant thecriminal jurisdiction to the coast guard, award the criminal jurisdiction to the maritime court so that it can directlyhear the cases of marine oil pollution, and improve the existing crime of environmental pollution.