散粒货物对敞车端墙的侧压力试验研究

Test Research of Lateral Pressure of Granular Cargo on End Walls of Heavy-haul Railway Gondola Cars

在铁路货车设计中,散粒货物对货车端墙和侧墙的侧压力确定,一直是颇有争议的关键难题之一。本文基于国内外铁路货车侧压力研究现状和存在的问题,提出了侧压力试验方法。针对25t轴重C80B型运煤敞车和23t轴重C70型通用敞车的端墙静、动态侧压力进行试验研究,取得大量的车钩冲击力、加速度、端墙侧压力试验数据,总结分析确定了敞车端墙侧压力值和压力分布,提出敞车端墙动侧压力计算公式。敞车端墙设计载荷的确定可提高货车运用的可靠性,利于铁路重载货车强度等相关标准的改进修订,尤其是对于增加轴重和发展重载运输后大轴重货车的运用可靠性具有重要意义。

In the design of railway freight cars, the determination of lateral pressure of granular cargo on the end walls and side walls of freight cars has been one of the controversial key problems over the years. Based on the status and existing problems of domestic and international researches of lateral pressure on the end walls of heavy-haul railway freight cars , the test methods of lateral pressure were given first. In the case of 25 t. axle load Type C 80B coal gondola cars and 23 t axle load Type C 70 general purpose gondola cars, the experimental study on the static and dynamic lateral pressure was made. Based on the large quantity of experimental data obtained on impact speed, coupler impact,acceleration,and lateral pressure ,the values and distribution of the lateral pressure on the end walls were analyzed and determined. The calculation formula of dynamic lateral pressure based on comprehensive influence coefficient was given. The determination of designed loads of the end walls, while it can improve the reliability of the freight cars, is conducive to the improvement and revision of relevant standards for the strength of railway heavy haul freight cars, which is particularly significant for increasing axle load and heavy load applications in China.