784例孤残儿童残疾特点及康复效果分析

Analysis of disability characteristics and rehabilitation effects of 784 cases of orphans and handicapped children

目的：了解宁夏某儿童福利院20年救治的孤残儿童残疾状况及对他们实施医疗及康复治疗后的结果。方法：通过回顾性分析,统计自1996年至2015年20年所接收救治孤残儿童的残疾情况,并统计分析经过医疗及康复治疗后的效果及安置情况。结果：经过分析,统计样本为救治784例孤残儿童中,男女比例相当,无差异性。残疾特征具体信息：脑性瘫痪儿童所占比例最高,为32.0%,其次为精神发育迟缓儿童占15.4%,先天性唇腭裂儿童占9.9%,正常儿童约占11.1%;年龄特征具体信息：0-1岁儿童所占比例最高,为53.1%,且病残率为95%,12-18岁儿童所占比例最低,为2.7%。所有儿童通过长期有效医疗及全面的康复,60%左右的患儿能够生活自理,最终融入社会。结论：孤残儿童中,94.4%的儿童是被遗弃的,残疾率为90.0%,为了让这些儿童得到有效康复及融入社会,医疗及康复治疗须全面而有效,在此基础上,减少残疾儿童的出生及弃婴发生的重要途径,第一是不断提高我国医疗保障制度,第二是做好围生期保健,从而降低高危儿的出生风险。

Objective： To understand the statuses of the received orphans and handicapped children in a Ningxia children＇s home in the last 20 years, and explore the effects of the medical treatment and rehabilitation therapy. Methods ： The statuses of the received orphans and handicapped children in a Ningxia children＇s home from 1996 to 2015, the effects of the medical treatment and rehabilitation therapy and their placement conditions were retrospectively analyzed. Results ： 784 orphans and handicapped children were used as the statistical samples, wherein the ratio of male to female was one to one, and the difference was not significant. The detailed disability characteristics were cerebral palsy 32 . 0 % , mental retardation 1 5 . 4 % , congenital cleft lip and palate children 9. 9 % , and the normal children 11.1%. The specific age characteristics were 0 - 1 years old 53. 1 % （the disability rate was 9 5 % ） and 12-18 years old 2. 7%. Through the long-term effective medical assistance and comprehensive rehabilitation, 6 0 % of the children could be able to achieve life self-care and ultimately integrate into the community. Conclusions ： Among the orphans and handicapped children, 94.4% were abandoned with the disability rate of 9 0 % . The medical treatment and rehabilitation therapy must be comprehensive and effective in order to reach the children＇s rehabilitation and eventually integrate them into the society. Based on the proposed approach, to reduce the birth of the children with disabilities and the occurrence of the abandoned infants, it should constantly improve the medical security system in China, and then do a good job in the perinatal care to reduce the birth risk of the high-risk infants.