河南省农田灰水足迹估算和治理对策

Research on the Estimation and Governance Countermeasure of Agricultural Grey Water Footprint in Henan Province

以河南省为研究区,在计算化肥、农药等施用强度和污染负荷的基础上,应用灰水足迹理论,选用合理参数分别计算了化肥、农药的灰水足迹,以及河南省农田面源污染总的灰水足迹。结果表明:河南省农田面源污染严重,2009—2013年氮肥灰水足迹为9.05亿~9.28亿m^3,磷肥灰水足迹为5.51亿~5.75亿m^3,农药灰水足迹为49.6亿~53.8亿m^3,农田面源污染总的灰水足迹为49.6亿~53.8亿m^3。提出了农田面源污染治理对策:合理施肥,推广水肥一体技术;禽畜粪便、农作物秸秆的肥料化利用;科学用药,推广生态农药;改进耕作措施,减轻土壤侵蚀等。

Taking Henan Province as the research area, the grey water footprint（ GWF） of fertilizers and pesticides, respectively, calculated choosing reasonable parameters using the theory of water footprint on the basis of calculating the applying strength and pollution load of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, so the total grey water footprint of the farmland non-point source pollution was estimated. The research results show that agricultural non-point source pollution in Henan Province has been polluted seriously. From 2009 to 2013, the nitrogenous fertilizer＇s GWF are about 905 million to 928 million m^3, the phosphorus fertilizer＇s are about 551 million to 575 million m^3, pesticide＇s is about 4 960 million to 5 380 million m^3, the total agricultural GWF are about 4 960 million to 5 380 million m^3. The governance countermeasures are proposed including the rational fertilization, promoting integrated water technology, the fertilizer utilization of livestock manure and crop straw, the scientific use of pesticides, promoting the ecological pesticide and improving the cultivation measures to reduce soil erosion, etc.