祁门古戏台建筑形制与木雕装饰艺术研究

Study on the Architectual Form and Wood Carving Decoration Art of Ancient Theater Stages in Qimen

戏台是徽州重要的物质文化遗存,是古代宗族祭祀、娱乐与教化的主要场所。祁门古戏台建筑均依附于宗祠而建,布局合理、结构精巧、装饰精美、营造精准,极具地域特征,具有很高的历史、科学和艺术价值。但随着历史的推进,人为改建与自然灾害的侵蚀,戏台的保存状况堪忧。通过实地调研和文献查阅,对祁门县古戏台建筑群的修建年代、地点与建筑特色等方面进行梳理,揭示了古戏台深厚的文化背景,典型的建筑形制,以及鲜明的木雕装饰艺术。在理论上为徽州古戏台建筑的研究提供可资参考的样本,在实践中为徽州古戏台的保护与更新提供事实依据。

The ancient theater stage is an important heritage of material civilization, and a principal location for sacrifice, entertainment and culture. The Qimen ancient stages are attached to the ancestral temple, and they are generally characterized with reasonable layout, exquisite structure, delicate decoration, and accurate construction, thus enjoying high historic, scientific and artistic value. But with the push of history, artificial rebuilding and natural disasters, the preservation condition of the ancient theater stages is worrying. Based on investigation ancient theater stages in Qimen, the paper reorganizes the building date, location, and architectural features and analyzes and studies their cultural background, architectural form as well as the wood carving decoration. In this way, a referential research example of the ancient stages in HuiZhou is rendered theoretically and the factual basis of the preservation and restoration is given practically.