施氮对不同基因型小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield for Different Genotypes of Wheat

为了筛选氮素高效利用优质小麦品种,采用盆栽试验,以氮高效品种漯麦18和济麦22、氮低效品种小偃6号为对照,研究了施氮对3种不同基因型优质小麦郑麦0856、郑麦0943、郑麦7698光合特性和产量的影响。结果显示,施氮可显著提高3种优质小麦功能叶片SPAD值,其中拔节期郑麦0943增幅最大,扬花期郑麦7698增幅最大,且二者均高于同时期氮高效品种漯麦18和济麦22;净光合速率以郑麦0856增幅最大,郑麦0943增幅最小,蒸腾速率和气孔导度以郑麦0943增幅最大,水分利用效率除郑麦0856增加外,其余2个品种显著下降;同化物积累量以郑麦0943增幅最大,且明显高于氮高效品种漯麦18和济麦22;花后同化物积累率郑麦0943和郑麦0856增加(其增幅低于氮高效品种漯麦18,稍高于氮高效品种济麦22),郑麦7698无显著变化;产量和收获指数以郑麦0856和郑麦7698增幅较大,明显高于氮高效品种漯麦18和济麦22。不施氮条件下,郑麦0943产量显著高于其他品种,这主要归因于有效穗数和千粒质量较高,缺氮对郑麦7698和郑麦0856有效穗数降低的影响程度远大于郑麦0943。整体而言,3个优质小麦品种相比,郑麦0943不施氮减产幅度较小,郑麦0856和郑麦7698对氮素反应则较为敏感。

In order to screening high-quality wheat varieties with high nitrogen efficiency, pot experiments were used to study effects of nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristics and yield for three genotypes of high-quality wheat （ Zhengmai 0856 , Zhengmai 0943 and Zhengmai 7698） , and Luomai 18 and Jimai 22 with high nitrogen efficiency as well as Xiaoyan 6 with low nitrogen efficiency were taken as control. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased SPAD value of function leaves in three high-quality wheat varieties. The highest increasing ranges were found in Zhengmai 0943 at jointing stage and Zhengmai 7698 at flowering stage,and their increasing ranges were higher than those of Luomai 18 and Jimai22 with high nitrogen efficiency at the same growing stage. The increasing range in net photosynthetic rate of Zhengmai 0856 was the highest,and that of Zhengmai 0943 was the lowest. The increasing ranges in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of Zhengmai 0943 were the largest, but water use efficiency was decreased after nitrogen application except Zhengmai 0856. The increasing range in assimilate accumulation of Zhengmai 0943 was the largest,and was higher than those of Luomail8 and Jimai 22 with high nitrogen efficiency. Assimilate accumulation rates after flowering of Zhengmai 0943 and Zhengmai 0856 were increased after nitrogen application, but Zhengmai 7698 had no significant change. The increasing ranges in yield and harvest index of Zhengmai 0856 and Zhengmai 7698 were higher. Under the conditions of no nitrogen, higher yield of Zhengmai 0943 was attributed to higher effective panicles and thousand kernel weight, and effective panicles of Zhengmai 0856 and Zhengmai 7698 declined even more compared to Zhengmai 0943. Overall, compared three high-quality wheat varieties, the reduction in yield of Zhengmai 0943 caused by nitrogen deficiency was the lowest,and Zhengmai 0856 and Zhengmai 7698 were more sensitive to nitrogen deficiency.