林牧有机废弃物配方基质在西葫芦穴盘育苗中的应用效果

Application Effect of Substrate Formula Using Forest and Animal Husbandry Organic Waste on Cucurbita pepo L. Hole Tray Seedling

为使丰富的林牧有机废弃物得以资源化利用,以川滇高山栎凋落物与猪羊粪混配发酵成有机基质(T_5),以此为基础再与不同比例锯末及化肥混配形成另2种基质(T_6、T_7),以营养土(T_4)及市售草炭(T_1)、混配基质(T_2)及基质块(T_3)为对照,用干籽直播法进行西葫芦穴盘育苗试验。结果表明:3种自制基质T_5、T_6、T_7在西葫芦出苗率方面前期较差,后期与3种市售基质一致,均达到100%,远高于营养土。子叶生长发育方面,播后28 d子叶面积T_6、T_7与草炭接近,T_5高于草炭,均远高于营养土,叶绿素含量与草炭接近或略高,但低于其他处理;播后38 d T_6、T_7子叶面积高于草炭和营养土,T_5叶片萎缩而下降,不同处理叶绿素含量均下降,但T_6、T_7相对较高。真叶生长发育方面,T_5、T_6、T_7的总真叶面积、真叶数、花蕾数、不同部位真叶的叶绿素含量均处于较高水平,下胚轴却短于草炭,显示出良好的壮苗特征。生物质量方面,地上及地下部鲜干质量T_5、T_6、T_7也处于较高水平,表现出根深叶茂的壮苗特征。T_5、T_6、T_7壮苗指数也均高于其他处理,但T_7>T_6>T_5。综上,3种自制基质在西葫芦穴盘育苗方面完全能够替代草炭,也优于其他市售基质。

m In order to make full use of the local rich forest and animal husbandry organic wastes ,Quercus aquifolioides Rehd. et Wils litter and pigs and sheep dung were mixed for fermentation to form organic matrix （T5） ,which was mixed with sawdust and chemical fertilizer and other two matrices （ T6 , T7 ） were formed. With nutrient soil（T4） , commercial peat（T1） , mixed media （T2） , and matrix block （ T3 ） as the controls, the dry seed direct seeding method was used in Cucurbita pepo L. hole tray seedling experiment. The results showed that three kinds of homemade substrates T5 , T6 , T7 displayed poor effect in seedling emergence in the early stage, but accorded with three types of commercially available substrates in the late stage, with seedling emergence up to 100% ,far higher than nutrient soil. In growth of cotyledon,28 days after sowing the cotyledon areas of T6 , T7 were close to that of peat, T5 was higher than peat, and all of them were much higher than nutrient soil. The chlorophyll content of T5 was close to or slightly higher than that of peat, but lower than other treatments. At 38 days after sowing the cotyledon areas of T6 , T7 were higher than those of peat and nutrient soil,T5 blade shrank and declined, the chlorophyll content of different treatments all decreased, but T6 , T7 were relatively higher. In leaf growth, T5 , T6 , T7 had higher total leaf area,leaf number,number of buds,and chlorophyll content, and their hypocotyls were shorter than peat, showing strong seedling characteristics. In fresh and dry weights of ground and underground parts, T5 ,T6 ,T7 were also at the highest level, showing strong seedling characteristics of deep roots and flourishing leaves. The strong seedling index of T5 ,T6 ,T7 were also higher than other treatments, but T7 〉 T6 〉 T5. Comprehensive look,the three kinds of homemade substrates in Cucurbita pepo L. hole tray seedling can completely replace peat,which are better than commercially available substrates.