杨时“诚”论及其贡献

YANG Shi's Theory of CHENG and Its Contributions

"诚"在杨时的理论思想中居于枢纽地位,"天人之道一于诚","诚"是合内外之道。他坚定地主张"诚"在现实生活中效果显著。在政治活动中,法度和治理技术固然不可或缺,但是最根本的仍然是至诚。若无至诚,即便有好的法度和治理技术,也难以取得良好的治理效果。他对"诚"的高度重视,自然地延伸到对"直"的重视上面来,有创新性地提出"直"是"尽其诚心而无伪"的说法,并指出非道德意义的"(率)直"在工夫修养中具有有益的作用。杨时的诚论是依托解释、引证儒家经典展开的,其中他继承和发扬了二程的四书思想和经典互诠方法,对儒家经典的诠释作出了独特贡献。

YANG Shi＇ s theory of CHENG takes the central place in his theory. He argues that CHENG is the principle of both TIAN （ Heaven） and people, and is the practical way to deal with not only the things of oneself, but also the things of the others,. He insists that it is very effective in real life when we follow the way of CHENG, or we will have a lot of troubles. In politics, although laws and governmental skills are necessary, the most fundamental thing is CHENG. His expansion of theory of CHENG relies on interpreting and citing Confucian classics in which he developed CHENG Hao and CHENG Yi, s idea of the Four Books and the method of co - interpreting in classics.