莫言《檀香刑》中刽子手赵甲的精神分析

The Psychoanalysis of the Executioner ZHAO Jia in MO Yan's Sandalwood Punishment

从精神分析的角度来看,《檀香刑》中的赵甲洗手成了身体被"阉割"后欲望变态满足的替代品,在其成为首席刽子手的过程中,其"力比多"经历了从压抑到转移升华的变化过程,这一过程同时也是其人格的建构过程。看客之所以对砍头趋之如鹜,其原因不仅在于它刺激了观众虚伪的同情心,更重要的在于它满足了人的窥视欲。就此而言,莫言在继承鲁迅改造国民性思想的同时,又对这一问题进行了深化,同时把赵甲型塑为中国文学人物形象画廊里一个具有典型意义的刽子手形象。

From the perspective of psychoanalysis, Zhao Jia＇s hands become the substitution of his abnormal desire after he loses his humanity in the course of becoming the chief executioner. While his libido changes from the depression to sublimation, his personality is constructed. The reason why the public flock to the beheading show is that it not only stimulates their hypocritical compassion, but also meets their universal temptation to peep. Thereby, MO Yan deepens this issue based on LU Xun , s idea of transforming nationality,in Sandalwood Punishment, ZHAO Jia becomes a typical image of executioner in Chinese literature.