野生金乌贼成体肌肉的营养成分分析及评价

Analysis and evaluation of nutritive composition of the muscle of wild adult Sepia esculenta

为丰富金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)的生化信息和充分了解其营养价值,作者采用生化方法测定了野生金乌贼成体肌肉的营养成分,并对其营养品质进行了分析与评价。结果显示:金乌贼肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量占鲜样质量的比例分别为71.10%、22.02%、0.75%和2.17%。肌肉中主要含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量占干样质量的64.75%,其中必需氨基酸总量为24.44%,占氨基酸总量的37.75%,与非必需氨基酸总量的比值为75.15%,符合FAO/WHO的理想模式;干样中呈味氨基酸的总量为25.34%,占氨基酸总量的39.14%;必需氨基酸平均得分为102.86,组成相对均衡,必需氨基酸指数EAAI为85.43,可做为人体理想的蛋白质来源。在脂肪酸组成方面,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量分别占脂肪酸总量的33.46%、8.64%、49.83%,其中EPA和DHA共占PUFA的84.35%,脂肪质量较高。此外野生金乌贼肌肉中矿物元素种类及含量较为丰富。分析认为,金乌贼蛋白质含量高、必需氨基酸组成均衡、脂肪质量较好并富含矿物元素,具有较好的食用价值和保健作用。本研究评估了金乌贼的开发利用价值,同时为其配合饲料研发提供了重要参考。

In this research, to understand the nutritive composition of the muscle of wild adultSepia esculenta, general nutrients, amino acids, fatty acids, as well as major and trace elements were measured and analyzed using biochemical methods. The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude ash, and crude lipid in fresh samples ofS. es-culentawere found to be 71.10%, 22.02%, 2.17% and 0.75%, respectively. Seventeen different amino acids were identified in the muscle. In dry samples, the total amino acid content was 64.75%, of which the essential amino acid and flavor amino acid contents were 24.44% and 25.34%, respectively, accounting for 39.14% of the total amino acids. The essential amino acid index was 85.43; therefore,S. esculenta can serve as an ideal protein source for humans. The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA）, from the total fatty acids were 33.46%, 8.64% and 49.83%, respectively. Of these, the contents of EPA ＋ DHA ac-counted for 84.35% of PUFA, which was high. In addition, the muscle contained abundant mineral elements. In conclusion,S. esculentais high in protein content and rich in mineral elements, with essential amino acids compo-sition in equilibrium and good quality of lipids; thus,S. esculenta has high nutritional and health-promoting value. This study is not only of importance to evaluate the development and utilization ofS. esculenta but also an impor-tant reference for research and development in feed compounds forS. esculenta.