甘肃省武威市农村妇女宫颈癌与乳腺癌筛查结果分析

Analysis of screening results of cervical cancer and breast cancer in rural women in Wuwei, Gansu Province

目的了解2009─2015年甘肃省武威市农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查情况,探讨武威市＂两癌＂流行趋势与特点,为推广筛查工作提供科学依据。方法采取自愿原则,在武威市35~64岁已婚农村妇女中筛查＂两癌＂;通过妇科常规、宫颈脱落细胞液基薄层细胞、阴道镜和组织病理学等检查方法筛查宫颈癌,以常规视诊、触诊、彩超、钼靶—X线和病理检查方法筛查乳腺癌。结果 2009─2015年武威市农村妇女妇科疾病检查250 110人,患病134 224人,患病率53.67%;患病率2012年最高（61.80%）,2014年最低（37.00%）,呈逐年下降趋势,差异有统计学意义（Z=-29.718 7,P〈0.000 1）;宫颈癌检出率为4.00%,早诊率90.30%,癌前病变（CINⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级）检出率16.89%（999/5 918）;乳腺癌检出率3.08/10万。结论武威市农村妇女＂两癌＂患病呈高发态势,但癌前病变的早期检出降低了＂两癌＂的致死率,提高广大农村妇女的生存和生活质量,探索建立武威市＂两癌＂的防治模式和协作机制已势在必行。

Objective To understand screening situation of cervical cancer and breast cancer in rural women in Wuwei,Gansu province from 2009 to 2015, to explore trends and characteristics of the two cancers, to provide scientific basis for the promotion of screening work. Methods Screening of the two cancers were carried out in rural volunteers of the married women of 35-64 year-old in Wuwei city. Gynecologic examination, cervical exfoliated cells and TPT, colposcopy, and histopathological examination were performed for screening of cervical cancer, and conventional visual examination, palpation,molybdenum X-ray examination and pathological examination for screening of breast cancer. Results During 2009 to2015, 250 110 women took gynecological examination, 134 224 suffered from gynecological diseases, with the prevalence of53.67%. The highest detection rate was 61.80% in 2012 and the lowest of 37.00% in 2014. The prevalence rate of gynecological diseases showed a decreasing trend year by year, with statistical difference（Z=-29.718 7, P〈0.000 1）. The detection rate of cervical cancer was 4.00% and the rate of early diagnosis was 90.30%, with the detection rate of precancerous lesions（CINⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ） of 7.42‰. The prevalence rate of breast disease was 3.08/100 000. Conclusions The incidence of the two cancers in rural women in Wuwei shows high growth trend. The detection for precancerous lesion reduces the mortality of the two cancers and improve the quality of life of rural women. To establish two cancer prevention mode and coordination mechanism in Wuwei is imperative.