学龄前儿童睡眠障碍及影响因素分析

Investigation on sleep condition and its influencing factors among 1911 preschool children

目的了解3～6岁儿童的睡眠状况和睡眠问题相关症状的发生情况及可能的影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法，于2015年5～7月对芜湖市弋江区9所幼儿园的1911名学龄前儿童进行睡眠有关情况的问卷调查，调查儿童睡眠基本情况及其影响因素。结果儿童睡眠问题相关症状的总发生率为52．9％，其中入睡困难发生率28．3％，睡眠出汗发生率为28．6％，不同年龄组儿童之间睡眠障碍相关症状发生率差异有统计学意义。儿童每日平均睡眠时间为10．73±0．90h，儿童睡眠时间总体呈随年龄增加而逐年减少。影响儿童睡眠的危险因素为年龄、呼吸系统疾病病史、父亲学历、每日接触使用电子产品时间等因素。结论芜湖市城区学龄前儿童睡眠问题总发生率偏高，应结合儿童睡眠障碍发生的主要影响因素，综合干预，重点强化家长对儿童睡眠的认识，帮助儿童培养良好睡眠习惯，提高睡眠质量。

Objective To know the status and possible influencing factors of sleep status and sleep problems in children aged 3 -6 years old. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method, the 1911 preschool children were investigated by questionnaire which contained sleep related information from May to July in 2015 in Wuhu Yi jiang district, to understand the basic situation of children＇s sleep, and to find the risk factors. Results The total incidence of sleep related symptoms in children was 52.95%. The incidence rate of sleep difficulties was 28.3%, the incidence rate of sleep sweating was 28.6%. Children＇s average daily sleep time was 10.73 ± 0.90 hours, the total time of children＇s sleep increased with age and decreased year by year. The main risk factors of children＇s sleep were age, history of respiratory system disease, father degree, daily contact with the use of electronic products and other factors. Conclusion The prevalence rate of sleep problems of preschool children had reached a quite high level in urban areas of Wuhu city, which should be paid more attention to. It should be intervened comprehensively combined with the main influencing factors of children＇s sleep disorders. We should lay emphasis on the parents＇s awareness of children＇s sleep, help children to develop good sleep habits and improve their quality of sleep.