台州市2005-2014年流行性乙型脑炎的流行病学特征分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Taizhou City, 2005-2014

目的了解台州市流行性乙型脑炎的流行病学特征，为辖区乙型脑炎防制策略调整提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法，分析2005--2014年台州通过网络报告的所有乙型脑炎病例的流行病学特征。结果2005--2014年台州市共报告乙型脑炎患者133例，发病率总体呈下降态势，平均年发病率为0．23／10万。133例患者中，120例（90.23％）发生在7月份，呈明显的季节高峰。本地户籍59人（44.36％），15岁及以下儿童共104例（78．20％），无免疫史或免疫史不详108人（81．20％）。结论无免疫史或免疫史不详的人群和15岁及以下儿童是乙型脑炎发病的主要人群，应重点加强15岁及以下儿童的免疫接种。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Taizhou and provide the evidence for adjustment of prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis cases which were reported through the epidemic reporting system of Taizhou City from 2005 to 2014 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology methods. Results There were 133 cases of Japanese encephalitis reported from 2005 to 2014 in Taizhou, and the incidence rate decreased with an average incidence rate of 0.23/100 000. There were 120 cases（90.23%） reported in July among the 133 cases, which showed an obvious seasonal peak. Fifty-nine cases （44.36%） was local residents. There were 104 cases （78.20%） under 15 years old, and 108 cases （81.20%） without or with unknown immunization history. Conclusions The major susceptible population are children under 15 years old and people with no or unknown immunization history. Immunization of Japanese encephalitis should be strengthened mainly among children under 15 years old.