论近代矿业生产中的包工制度

On the Contractor System in the Mining Industry in Modern China

包工制度是近代中国矿业最为盛行的劳动组织方式。从单个经济体上看,这种制度有利于节省开支、分散风险、维持利润,具有一定的现实合理性。但是,企业的经济理性不等于社会理性,一时的合理不等于长远的合理。从社会的要求与期许来看,包工制度激化了劳资矛盾,无法实现劳资协调的目标,没有得到公众舆论的认可。从经济发展的总体趋势来看,这种制度的代价是降低了劳动者的生产效率,损害了中国矿业的发展前途。对包工制度历史作用的评价,要选取正确的历史坐标,坚持动态、发展的观点。

The contractor system was the most popular labor organization of the mining in modern China.From a single economy,this system was conducive to saving money,dispersing risks and maintaining profits,thus it had a certain practical rationality.However,the economic rationality of the enterprise was not equal to the social rationality;a moment＇s reasonability was not equal to the long-term.From the point of view of social demands and expectations,the contractor system intensified the labor conflicts,unable to achieve the goal of labor coordination,and not to get the approval of the public opinion.From the overall trend of economic development,the price of this system was to reduce the production efficiency of laborers,and damaged the future development of Chinese mining.The valuation on the contractor system,must choose the correct coordinates,and adhere to the viewpoint of dynamic and development.