基于改进社会力模型的人群疏散研究

STUDY OF PEDESTRIAN EVACUATION BASED ON MODIFIED SOCIAL FORCE MODEL

针对社会力模型在模拟人群恐慌时可能出现的一些问题,文章考虑行人心理对恐慌行为的影响,并结合模型复杂度,对原始社会力模型进行了改进.基于改进的社会力模型,首先研究单出口房间的人群疏散,在人群密度大的情况下重现了‘欲速则不达'现象.进一步,考虑了视野受限情况下双出口大厅的人群疏散,研究了行走方式、出口位置、从众行为的影响.仿真发现:沿墙走策略优于遇墙折回策略,两侧出口的大厅比同侧出口的大厅更利于人群疏散,而从众行为是否有利于快速疏散依赖于人群密度.最后,以上海南京东路地铁站为场景对若干疏散方案进行了研究.

In this paper, some modifications of the social force model which integrate the effects of pedestrian＇s psychology on panic and model complexity are proposed to improve the performance in the scene of emergent evacuation. With the modified social force model, the evacuation from a single-exit room is investigated, and the well-known phenomena ＂faster is slower＂ is reproduced in the situation of high crowd densities. Moreover, the evacuation from a double-exit hall with limited vision is considered, where the influences of pedestrian moving modes, exit locations and herding behaviors on evacuation are studied. It＇s found that following the wall is always a better strategy; locating the exits on opposite walls is relatively more conducive to evacuation than locating them on the same wall; and whether to follow others to accelerate the evacuation depends on the crowd density. At last, simulation based on the setting of East Nanjing Road Station of Shanghai Metro Line 2 is obtained.