基于社会力模型的多出口场馆人员疏散问题

PEDESTRIAN EVACUATION OF MULTI-EXITS STADIUM BASED ON THE SOCIAL FORCE MODEL

考虑基于社会力模型的多出口场馆的人员疏散问题.首先对社会力模型进行改进,包括个体之间的相互作用力和他们的相对位置有关,个体的期望速度随时间变化等.然后,针对多出口情形,定义动态变化的视野范围,综合考虑个体到出口的距离、个体视野范围内的人数和人群密度等因素,建立最优化模型描述个体选择目标出口的过程.最后,仿真结果表明,上述模型可以模拟出多出口的体育场馆中的疏散场景,该模型可用于体育场馆的建设评估及为现场指挥预案的制定提供依据.

In this paper, we consider the pedestrian evacuation problem in stadium with multi-exits based on social force model. First, the social force model is modified, including that the interaction force between agents is related to their relative positions, the individual expected speed is time-varying, etc. Second, for the case of multiple exits, the dynamic view field is defined. To decide the target exit, we consider several factors such as the distance of the agent to the exit, the numbers and density of pedestrians within the view field of the agent, and so on, based on which an optimization model is established to describe the process of choosing the target exit. Finally, the simulation results show that, the proposed model can simulate the pedestrian evacuation in stadium with multiple exits. Therefore, this model might be useful to evaluate the construction of stadium and to provide the basis for the establishment of the real command plan.