中国土地资本化的政治经济学分析

Political Economy Analysis on Land Capitalization in China

土地资本化是中国特色社会主义市场经济发展过程中面临的重大变革。运用马克思的资本范畴能够对我国土地资本化问题进行理论界定和分析。土地产权交易过程可细分为土地货币化、土地资产化和土地资本化过程。当前,土地资本化在我国城市发展中主要是建设用地使用权资本化过程,土地成为企业拥有的资本,地方政府在这一过程中获得土地出让金收入但并不是获得土地资本;在农村,主要是农地经营权资产化过程而非土地资本化过程,农户在这一过程中只是获得农地租金收入。我国城乡土地资本化进程中存在着多重困局,可以通过深化相关体制机制改革等方式予以化解。

Land capitalization is a major reform in the development of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics.Using Marx＇s capital category can theoretically define and analyze the land capitalization of our country.The process of land property right transaction can be divided into land monetization,land assetization and land capitalization.At present,most of the land capitalization in China＇s urban development is the capitalization of construction land use rights,where land becomes the capitalowned by enterprises and the local government obtains the land transfer income in this process.In rural areas,the capitalization is involved in the capitalization of management right of farming land rather than the capitalization of land itself,so farmers in the process can only gain agricultural land rental income.There are dilemmas in China＇s land capitalization process both in urban areas and rural areas.They can only be solved by deepening the reformation of relative mechanisms.