国民经济学的历史沿革与研究对象

The History and Scope of National Economics

在西方,国民经济学是一门古老的学科。马克思将"国民经济学"等同于"政治经济学",并认为亚当·斯密是国民经济学的理论出发点。德国、奥地利和北欧学派则认为国民经济学缘于重商主义时代,甚至认为国民经济学与政治经济学不仅名称不同,而且研究对象也有所不同。尽管如此,这些都与中国并无直接的联系。与国内其他学科相比,国民经济学是颇具中国特色的应用经济学学科,它虽曾受到"苏联模式"的一定影响,但更多是中国本土化的产物。因此,不能简单套用"模板"或进行"再版"、"翻版",必须坚持"问题导向",明确中国国民经济学的研究对象,找准学科定位。作者认为,国民经济学的研究对象是"国民经济系统运动及其规律性",其研究方法包括国民经济学理论分析、数量分析、结构分析、静态与动态分析、比较分析、案例分析以及预期管理和监测预警分析。

In the West,National Economics is a field of study with a long tradition.Karl Marx equated National Economics with Political Economy,and indicated that the theoretical framework of National Economics was pioneered by Adam Smith.The German historical school of economics,Austrian School and the School of North Europe believed that National Economy originated in the era of Mercantilism,and they even argued that National Economy differed from Political Economy not only in their field titles,but also in their scope.However,these schools of thought are irrelevant to the National Economics in China.Compared with other fields of economics in China,National Economics is a field of Applied Economics with strong Chinese characteristics.Although it has a touch of Soviet influence,National Economics is mostly a disciplinary product of Chinese localization.Therefore,the National Economics cannot be reproduced throughsimply copying Western template,replication,or republication.The National Economics must adhere to its problem-oriented approach and clearly identify its scope and purposes.The author persists that National Economics is mainly concerned with＂the operation of national economic system and its laws,＂and the methodology of the National Economics includes national economics theoretical analysis,quantitative analysis,structural analysis,static and dynamic analysis,comparative analysis,case study,management of expectation,and monitoring and warning analysis.