经济体制变革中的“混合所有制”——20世纪50年代私营工业企业“公私合营”再探讨

Mixed Ownership in the Process of Economic System Transformation:Further Discussion on Joint State-Private Operational Mechanism of Industrial Enterprises in the 1950s

20世纪50年代"公私合营"企业是混合所有制企业。国民经济恢复时期,公私合营只是一种经营方式,混合所有制只是一种企业制度。"过渡时期总路线"公布后,新民主主义经济体制向社会主义计划经济体制转变,公私合营转变为私营企业的改造方式,混合所有制也成为私营工业企业的改造机制、资本主义私有制向社会主义公有制过渡的桥梁。在将私营工业企业改造为公有企业过程中,政府利用了公私合营混合所有制企业分层产权结构的特点,分步骤、分层次地实现了产权变革。

State-Private Joint Ventures in the 1950s based on mixed ownership. During the National Economic Recovery Period, Joint State-Private Ownership was business practice while Mixed Ownership was enterprise system. After the publication of the General Line of Transition Period, the new democratic economic system transformed into socialist planned economy. Joint State-Private Ownership acted as the tool of remolding private enterprises, and mixed ownership turned into remolding mechanism of private industrial enterprises as well as the bridge of transformation from capitalist private ownership to socialist public ownership. In the process of reforming private industrial enterprises into state owned enterprises, government utilized the character of layered property right structure to realize property right reform in a multi-leveled and step-by-step way.