新中国成立初期封锁禁运对私营进出口业的影响分析(1950—1952)

Impact Analysis of Blockade and Embargo against China on the Private Import-Export Industries from 1950 to 1952

朝鲜战争爆发后,针对美国主导下的对华"封锁、禁运"的步步升级,中国政府随即在贸易方式、对外贸易组织及管理制度等方面采取了多项应急措施加以反制。这些措施在执行过程中对私营进出口商的经营活动产生了截然不同的短期和长远影响。从短期效应来看,由于在反"封锁、禁运"过程中实行了一系列刺激私营进出口商开展经营的措施,推动了私营进出口业的发展;而从长期影响来看,在反"封锁、禁运"过程中私商一些违法行为的出现,以及"封锁、禁运"导致在贸易方向上加速向社会主义国家转变都制约了私营进出口业的后续发展。这一时期为方便开展易货贸易而设立的专业小组和联营也为此后进行的私营进出口业社会主义改造积累了经验。

The Korean War triggered escalation of the Blockade and Embargo against China dominated by United States. Chinese government implemented many emergency steps in terms of trade,international trade organizing and regulatory regimes as counter steps. These actions resulted in different short-term and long-term influences on private import and export operating. The implementation of many stimulus measures promoted business operations of the private import-export industry immediately, but in the long run, the emergence of many unlawful acts among private traders and accelerated redirection of trade partners to Socialist countries confined future development for private import-export industries. The establishment of Cooperate-Teams and Joint-Operation in the aim of facilitating barter trade also gathered experience for the socialist transformation thereafter.