我国设施农业农膜使用的环境问题刍议

Environmental Problems and Countermeasures of Mulch Film Application in Intensive Agriculture System in China

农膜使用和地面覆盖技术的应用加快了我国农业现代化的步伐,增加和丰富了农产品的供给。但随着农膜的连续使用,导致大量的农膜残留,严重影响农业生产,并对农业生态环境安全和人体健康构成巨大威胁。本文总结了设施农业中农膜使用所造成的主要环境问题,剖析了这些问题的内在原因。在此基础上,针对我国设施农业中农膜使用和管理现状,分别从管理、政策、经济和技术方面提出了对策建议,以期为规范我国设施农业中农膜使用、提高设施农业环境管理效率和健康持续发展提供理论依据。

Mulch film is one of important production materials for intensive cultivation agriculture. China has annual consumption of 200 million tons of mulch film at present, covering the land over 2 000 hectares. The mulch film application shows an increasing trend in China. The use of mulch film in intensive cultivation agriculture has accelerated agricultural modernization in China and increased the supply of agricultural products, but the continuous use of mulch film led to great mulch film residues in fields. Mulch film residues not only caused the ＂visual and landscape pollution＂, but also affected the quality of agricultural products, agro-ecological and environmental security and posed a huge threat to human health. This paper summarized the major environmental problems caused by the use of mulch film in intensive agriculture, and analyzed the reasons for these problems. To be aimed at the use and management status of mulch film in intensive agriculture, some suggestions were proposed in management, policy, economic and technical aspects to regulate the use of mulch film in intensive agriculture and improve agricultural environmental management efficiency. This review will provide a theoretical basis for healthy and sustainable development of intensive agriculture.