糠醛渣生态肥对风沙土理化性质和茄子效益的影响

Effects of Ecological Fertilizer from Furfural Residue on Physical and Chemical Properties of Sand Soil and Eggplant Benefits

采用田间试验方法,研究了糠醛渣生态肥对河西内陆灌区风沙土改土培肥效应和茄子效益的影响。结果表明:糠醛渣生态肥原料间的效应是:茄子专用肥>糠醛渣>5406生物菌肥,糠醛渣生态肥配方比例为:5406生物菌肥0.0103:茄子专用肥0.1291:糠醛渣0.8606。施用糠醛渣生态肥与传统化肥比较,风沙土体积质量、pH、EC和可溶性盐分别降低了13.85%、1.07%、6.22%和6.92%;Hg、Cd、Cr和Pb离子分别降低了21.21%、40.00%、18.70%和21.94%;总孔隙度、团聚体和饱和持水量分别增加了13.35%、16.98%和13.35%;CEC、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效锌和有效钼分别增加了19.20%、25.93%、0.29%、1.89%、0.17%、2.08%和8.33%;真菌、细菌和放线菌分别增加了59.00%、41.94%和24.32%;蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶分别增加了57.51%、5.88%和10.35%;茄子单果重、单株果重、产量和施肥利润分别增加了5.27%、5.35%、3.01%和0.51×104元/hm^2。糠醛渣生态肥施用量与风沙土总孔隙度、团聚体、饱和持水量、有机质、速效养分和茄子产量呈显著的正相关关系;与体积质量、pH呈显著的负相关关系;糠醛渣生态肥施用量与茄子产量间的线性回归方程为y=51.2300+1.5151x–0.0408x2,经济效益最佳施用量为17.40 t/hm^2,茄子理论产量为65.24 t/hm^2。在风沙土上施用糠醛渣生态肥,有效的改善了土壤理化性质和生物学性质,提高了土壤有机质和番茄产量。

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the ecological fertilizer from furfural residue on sand soil fertility and eggplant benefits in Hexi inland irrigation region. Results showed that the effects of feedstock of the ecological fertilizer followed the order： eggplant specific fertilizer 5406 bacterial manure furfural residue. The furfural residue ecological fertilizer was composed of 1.03% of 5406 bacterial manure, 12.91% of eggplant specific fertilizer and 86.06% of furfural residue. The bulk density, pH, EC and soluble salt of the sandy soil were reduced respectively by 13.85%, 1.07%, 6.22% and 6.92% after application of the ecological fertilizer, compared with traditional fertilizer. The contents of Hg, Cd, Cr and Pb in the soil were reduced respectively by 21.21%, 40.00%, 18.70% and 21.94%. Total porosity, aggregate content and saturated water capacity of the soil were increased respectively by 13.35%, 16.98% and 13.35%. CEC, organic matter content, alkalihydrolyzadle nitrogen, and available phosphorus, potassium, zinc and molybdenum of the soil increased respectively by 19.20%, 25.93%, 0.29%, 1.89%, 0.17%, 2.08% and 8.33%. Fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes increased respectively by 59.00%, 41.94% and 24.32%. Invertase, urease and phosphatase increased respectively by 57.51%, 5.88% and 10.35%. Fruit weight, weight per plant, and yield of eggplant increased respectively by 5.27%, 5.35% and 3.01%. The fertilizer profits increased by 0.51？104yuan/hm^2. The application amount of furfural residue ecological fertilizer was positively correlated with total porosity, aggregate content, water holding capacity, organic matter content and available nutrients of the sand soil and eggplant yield, while it was negatively correlated with the bulk density and pH of the soil. The linear regression equation for the application amount of the ecological fertilizer（y） with eggplant yield（x） was： y = 51.2300 ＋ 1.5151 x – 0.0408 – x2. The optimum application amount of the ecological fertilizer was 17.40 t/hm^2, and correspondingly, the theoretical yield of eggplant was 65.24 t/hm^2. Application of the ecological fertilizer from furfural residue effectively improved the physical, chemical and biological properties of the sand soil, and increased soil organic matter content and eggplant yield.