多功能调理剂对甘肃河西内陆盐渍土理化性质和甜高粱产草量的影响

Effects of Multifunctional Ameliroations on Physico-chemical Properties of Saline Soils and on Straw Yield of Sweet Sorghum in Hexi Inland of Gansu

在甘肃河西内陆的盐渍土上,采用田间试验方法,研究了多功能调理剂对盐渍土理化性质和甜高粱产草量的影响。结果表明:多功能调理剂最佳配方组合为:A2B2C1(即营养因子1.80 t/hm^2、有机生态肥72 t/hm^2、盐渍土改良材料1.20 t/hm^2)。不同种类盐渍土改良剂对盐渍土体积质量、pH、EC和全盐由大到小的变化顺序依次为:盐渍土荒滩(CK)>抗盐丰盐碱土改良剂>禾康盐碱土改良剂>盐碱土改良剂>多功能调理剂;总孔隙度、团聚体、饱和持水量、有机质、速效氮磷钾、甜高粱产草量由大到小的变化顺序依次为:多功能调理剂>盐碱土改良剂>禾康盐碱土改良剂>抗盐丰盐碱土改良剂>盐渍土荒滩(CK)。多功能调理剂与盐渍土荒滩(CK)比较,盐渍土体积质量、pH和全盐分别降低28.05%、3.63%和62.16%;总孔隙度、团聚体和饱和持水量分别增加45.55%、45.55%和32.91%;有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾分别增加11.74%、145.01%、206.56%和13.35%;甜高粱产草量出苗率、株高、茎粗、单株鲜重和产草量分别增加123.69%、120.00%、105.29%、133.33%和181.13%。多功能调理剂施用量与盐渍土孔隙度、团聚体、持水量、有机质、速效氮磷钾、微生物数量、甜高粱产草量之间呈正相关关系,与体积质量、pH和全盐之间呈负相关关系。多功能调理剂施用量与甜高粱产草量间的回归方程为:y=32.64+0.5561x–0.0003x2,最佳施用量为75.00 t/hm^2,甜高粱产草量为72.66 t/hm^2。在盐渍土上施用多功能调理剂,有效地改良了盐渍土理化和生物学性质,降低了体积质量、pH、EC和全盐,增加了总孔隙度、团聚体、饱和持水量,提高了有机质及速效氮磷钾和甜高粱产草量。

A field plot experiment was conducted in order to study the effects of multifunctional conditioners on physico-chemical properties of saline soils and on straw yield of sweet sorghum in Hexi Inland of Gansu. The combination formula of the multifunctional ameliorations were A2B2C1 （nutritional factor 1.80 t/hm2, eco-organic fertilizer 72 t/hm2, saline soil amelioration 1.20 t/hm2）. The results showed that the effects of different conditioners on soil bulk density, pH, EC and total salt content were in order of saline soil wasteland （CK） 〉 Kangyanfeng saline soil amelioration 〉 Hekang saline soil amelioration 〉 saline soil amelioration 〉 multifunctional amelioration; the effects of different ameliorations on total porosity, aggregates, saturated water capacity, organic matter, rapid available NPK, sweet sorghum straw yield were in order of mutifunctional ameliroation 〉 saline soil ameliration 〉 Hekang saline soil amelioration 〉 Kangyanfeng saline soil amelioration 〉 saline soil wasteland （CK）. Compared to CK, Multifunctional amelioration decreased soil bulk density, pH value and total salt content by 28.05%, 3.63% and 62.16%, respectively; increased total porosity, aggregates and saturated water capacity by 45.55%, 45.55% and 32.91%, respectively; increased organic matter, alkali-hydro nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents by 11.74%, 145.01%, 206.56% and 13.35% respectively; increased sweet sorghum seedling emergence, plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight per plant and straw yield by 123.69%, 120.00%, 105.29%, 133.33% and 181.13%, respectively. Multifunctional amelioration dosage was positively correlated with saline soil porosity, aggregates, water holding capacity, organic matter, rapid available NPK, microorganism quantity, sweet sorghum straw yield, but negatively correlated with bulk density, pH value and total salt content. The regression model between multifunctional amelioration dosage （x） and sweet sorghum straw yield （y） was： y = 32.64 ＋ 0.5561x - 0.0003x2, the optimal dosage was 75.00 t/hm2 and sweet sorghum straw yield was 72.66 t/hm2. The above results proved that the use of multifunctional amelioration can effectively improve saline soil properties by reducing bulk density, pH, EC, and total salt content, increase total porosity, aggregates, saturated water capacity, organic matter and available NPK, and increase sweet sorghum straw yield.