旅游干扰对祁连山风景区土壤性质的影响

Effects of Tourism Disturbance on Soil Properties of Qilian Mountains Scenery District

本研究以祁连山大野口风景区为研究对象,初步探讨了旅游干扰对该区域土壤性质的影响。研究结果表明：祁连山风景区游客主要集中在5—8月,游客大多选择自驾游方式,以野炊、烧烤式旅游为主。旅游活动对核心区表层土壤的pH、体积质量、含水量及有机质影响较大。随着旅游活动干扰程度的降低,0-10 cm土层土壤pH逐渐上升,10-20 cm土层pH变化不大。土壤体积质量表现出：核心区〉缓冲区〉背景区,而土壤含水量则为：背景区〉缓冲区〉核心区。核心区和缓冲区土壤表层有机质含量受游客活动影响较大,显著低于背景区,分别占背景区的63.6%和60.1%。表层土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量均表现出：背景区〉缓冲区〉核心区,而10-20 cm土层全量含量差异不大。不同区域土壤速效养分0-10 cm土层含量高于10-20 cm土层含量。核心区表层土壤水解氮、速效磷含量偏高,而深层土壤速效磷含量较高。各个有效微量元素在0-10 cm土层含量普遍高于10-20 cm土层,且在核心区含量均较高。

This study explored the effects of tourism disturbance on soil properties in Qilian Mountains Dayekou scenic spot. The results indicated that the tourists concentrated from May to August, most of them choose self-driving way and picnic and barbecue. Tourist activity had greater influences on soil pH, bulk density, moisture and organic matter of surface soil in the tourist core area. With the decrease of tourism disturbance, pH of surface soil increased gradually, but pH of 10-20 cm soil layer changed little. Soil bulk density was in an order of Core area 〉 Buffer area 〉 Background, soil moisture in an order of Background 〉 Buffer area 〉 Core area. Tourist activities had great influence on soil organic matter content in the core area and buffer area, which significantly lower than background area by 63.6% and 60.1%, respectively. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of surface soil were in order of Background 〉 Buffer area 〉 Core area, while these contents of 10-20 cm soil layer showed little difference. Soil available nutrients in 0-10 cm soil layer were higher than in 10-20 cm soil layer. The available nitrogen and phosphorus in 0-10 cm soil layer were higher, available phosphorus in 10-20 cm soil layer was higher. All available trace elements were higher in 0-10 cm soil layer than in 10-20 cm soil layer, and were highest in core area.