施用有机肥条件下氮肥不同底追比对冬小麦干物质运转和籽粒产量的影响

Effect of nitrogen fertilization ratio of base and topdressing with biological-organic fertilizers on the growth,yield and its constituent elements of winter wheat

以冬小麦品种‘临Y7287’为供试材料,秸秆还田条件下,研究了在等化肥施用量,额外增施生物有机肥,氮肥不同底追比对小麦生长发育、干物质运转和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:与单施化肥相比,化肥与生物有机肥配施可显著提高冬小麦叶面积,提高灌浆期干物质累积量,促进干物质向籽粒转移,显著提高了千粒重、穗粒数和成穗数,从而提高了小麦产量。在配施生物有机肥4 500 kg·hm^(-2)条件下,以氮肥底追比为1∶1(即50%氮肥底施,50%氮肥拔节期追施)增产效果最好,较单施化肥成穗数提高了12.71%,穗粒数提高了4.93%,千粒重提高了6.42%,产量增加了11.27%。因此,推荐山西临汾盆地冬小麦施肥方案:以生物有机肥4 500 kg·hm^(-2)配施N 225 kg·hm^(-2),50%氮肥底施,50%拔节期追施较宜。

The effect of combining nitrogen fertilization of base and topdressing with biological-organic fertilizer on the growth,dry matter,yield formation and its constituent elements og winter wheat variety Linyou 7287 was studied under maize straw returning to field. Results showed that comparing chemical fertilizer treatment,combined with biological-organic fertilizer significantly increased the area of leaves,dry matter accumulation and its contribution to grain,then led to higher yield. In the condition of 4 500 kg · hm^-2 of biological-organic fertilizers application, the best ratio of base and topdressing was MN1∶ 1（ i. e. 50% as base fertilizer and 50% as topdressing） to improve yield,and the spike number,kernel per ear,1 000-kernel weight and yield were improved by 12. 71%,4. 93%,6. 42%,and 11. 27%,respectively. So in Linfen basin of Shanxi,the most approriate combiningbiol ogical-organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer applying regime recommended was treatment MN1∶ 1,which was applied 4 500 kg·hm^-2 of biological-organic fertilizers,combined with 225 kg·hm^-2 chemical fertilizer,50% as base fertilizer and 50% as topdressing.