覆膜对玉米间作豌豆干物质积累与分配的影响

Effects of mulching on dry matter accumulation and distribution in maize-pea intercrop

分别对玉米、豌豆带进行覆膜、不覆膜处理做大田试验,研究豌豆-玉米间作体系的产量和干物质积累与分配的变化。结果表明：覆膜比不覆膜显著提高了作物的籽粒产量和生物学产量。单作覆膜比不覆膜玉米增产9%,豌豆增产21%;间作经济产量,玉米覆膜豌豆不覆膜处理的玉米比间作无膜处理的玉米增产11.70%,全膜覆盖比间作无膜处理的豌豆增产24.40%。土地当量比（LER）除玉米不覆膜豌豆覆膜的小于1外,其他处理LER为1.09～1.24,表现出明显的间作优势。两作物养分向籽粒的转移率和贡献率均为茎大于叶,覆膜提高了干物质向籽粒的转移率和贡献率。玉米覆膜豌豆不覆膜处理是本研究中间作优势最明显的覆膜方式,而玉米不覆膜豌豆覆膜处理会造成资源浪费,不利于豌豆-玉米间作体系的产量积累。

The study aimed to explore the contributions of dry matter accumulation and distribution,and yield advantage of pea-maize intercropping system,based on with and without plastic cover on maize and pea stripe in field experiments. The result showed that plastic cover increased yield significantly. The yields of maize and pea with plastic coved increased 9%and 21% compared to those without plastic system. The economic output of maize increased 11. 70% for the treatment of the maize with plastic and pea without plastic system production,compared to maize and pea without plastic system. The economic output of pea in the maize and pea with plastic intercropped increased 24. 40% compared to maize and pea without plastic system. Land equivalent ratios（ LER） of maize without plastic and pea with plastic intercropping system was less than 1. The LER of the other intercropping types varied from 1. 09 to 1. 24,which indicated that intercropping greatly increased land use efficiency. The dry matter translocation of stem had the greater contribution than leaf,and the film mulching modes obtained advantage yield by improving dry matter accumulation and translocation to grains. The dry matter translocation of maize and pea with plastic intercropped had the greatest contribution and translocation. The maize with plastic and pea without plastic system was the best mode in this study. The maize without plastic and pea with plastic system was not conducive to the accumulation of maize yield pea intercropping system.