河北省山药产量及施肥现状分析

Analysis of the status of yield and fertilization in the yam production in Hebei province

以河北省山药主产区为调研对象,对山药施肥现状及存在问题进行了调研分析。结果表明:河北省山药平均产量水平为52.4 t/hm^2,高产农户所占比例为56.7%。总氮、磷、钾养分投入量分别为884、759和943 kg/hm^2,其中化肥氮、磷、钾养分投入量分别为560、630和720 kg/hm^2。根据养分分级等级进行评价,农户化肥氮、磷、钾投入过量比例分别为90.0%、98.3%和96.7%,不足比例分别为5.0%、0.0%和3.3%,合理比例仅为5.0%、1.7%和0.0%。因氮、磷、钾肥及有机肥的不合理施用导致的产量损失量,占最高产量的比例分别为2.63%、2.92%、4.34%和2.26%。

This paper reviewed the current situation of yield and fertilization in yam production and its problems in Hebei province.The results showed that the average production of yam in Hebei was 52.4 t/hm^2,56.7% of which came from high-yield households.The total inputs of N,P2O5 and K2O were 884,759 and 943 kg/hm^2,respectively,among which the chemical fertilizer inputs were 560,630 and 720 kg/hm^2,respectively.According to the levels of nutrients,the ratio of excessive inputs of chemical fertilizer N,P2O5 and K2O rates among all the households reached 90.0%,98.3% and 96.7%,the insufficient ratio were 5.0%,0.0% and 3.3%,and the reasonable proportions were only 5.0%,1.7% and 0.0%,respectively.The yield loss due to the irrational use of chemical fertilizer N, P2O5,K2O and organic fertilizer accounted for 2.63%,2.92%,4.34% and 2.26% of the highest production,respectively.